Executed January 24, 1989 by Electric Chair in Florida

2nd murderer executed in U.S. in 1989
106th murderer executed in U.S. since 1976
1st murderer executed in Florida in 1989
20th murderer executed in Florida since 1976

Summary:
On November 7, 1974, Carol DeRonch, 18, was in a Utah Shopping Mall when she was approached by Bundy, who told her that someone had been trying to break into her automobile. She thought that he was a police officer and Bundy later showed her a badge. Bundy asked her to accompany him to the car to see if anything was missing. Upon reaching the car the girl looked in and determined nothing was missing. He eventually asked her if she could go to the station to make a complaint. Bundy drove her in his Volkswagon, and pulled over on the way and forcibly placed a pair of handcuffs on her wrist. She screamed and fought her way outside the vehicle and eventually got away. Nine months later, Bundy was arrested fleeing police and handcuffs were found in his car. Bundy was convicted of Aggravated Kidnapping after waiving a jury trial and received a 1-15 year sentence. He escaped while in custody but was recaptured 6 days later. He escaped a second time and fled to Tallahassee, Florida, staying at a rooming house near the Florida State University Campus.

During the early morning hours of Sunday, January 15, 1978, Bundy entered the Chi Omega sorority house and brutally attacked four women residing there. Margaret Bowman and Lisa Levy were killed, and Kathy Kleiner and Karen Chandler sustained serious injuries. Within approximately an hour of the attacks in the Chi Omega house, Bundy entered another home nearby and attacked a woman residing there, Cheryl Thomas. All five women were university students. All were bludgeoned repeatedly with a blunt weapon. Bundy was identified by a resident returning home to the Sorority House, just as he was leaving with a club in his hand. Lisa Levy and Margaret Bowman were killed by strangulation after receiving severe beatings with a length of a tree branch used as a club. Margaret Bowman's skull was crushed and literally laid open. The attacker also bit Lisa Levy with sufficient intensity to be identified as human bite marks. Bundy was arrested a month later in Pensacola. Of critical importance was the testimony of two forensic dental experts who testified concerning analysis of the bite mark left on the body of Lisa Levy. The experts both expressed to the jury their opinion that the indentations on the victim's body were left by the unique teeth of Bundy. Bundy was found guilty of two counts of first-degree murder, three counts of attempted first-degree murder, and two counts of burglary. For the two crimes of first-degree murder the trial judge imposed sentences of death.

On February 9, 1978, Kimberly Leach, age 12, was reported missing from her junior high school in Lake City, Florida. Two months later, after a large scale search, the Leach girl's partially decomposed body was located in a wooded area near the Suwanee River. There were semen stains in the crotch of her panties found near the body. Two Lake City Holiday Inn employees and a handwriting expert established that Bundy had registered at the Lake City Holiday Inn the day before her disappearance under another name. A school crossing guard at the junior high school identified Bundy as leading a young girl to a van on the morning of the disappearance. Bundy was again convicted of murder and sentenced to death. This death sentence to be carried out a decade later.

Citations:
State v. Bundy, 589 P.2d 760 (Utah 1978) (Direct Appeal).
Bundy v. State, 455 So.2d 330 (Fla. 1984) (Sorority House Direct Appeal).
Bundy v. State, 471 So.2d 9 (Fla. 1985) (Leach Direct Appeal).
Bundy v. Florida, 107 S.Ct. 295 (1986) (Cert. Denied).
Bundy v. State, 490 So.2d 1257 (Fla. 1986). (Stay)
Bundy v. State, 497 So.2d 1209 (Fla. 1986) (State Habeas).
Bundy v. Dugger, 850 F.2d 1402 (11th Cir. 1988) (Habeas).
Bundy v. Dugger, 109 S.Ct. 849 (1989) (Cert. Denied).

Internet Sources:

Florida Department of Corrections

The Crime Library: Ted Bundy
Special Feature: Everything you wanted to know about Ted Bundy - The most extensive information on the Net about the most frightening serial killer of our time, Ted Bundy. Understand what goes on in the mind of a man obsessed with destroying dozens of attractive young women.

The Only Living Witness: The True Story of Serial Sex Killer Ted Bundy, by Michaud and Aynesworth.
A very long excerpt from the book.

Robert D. Keppel, Ph.D. An Interview, by Patrick Bellamy
The foremost authority on Ted Bundy gives an interview.

Serial Killers A-Z

Ted Bundy Victims List:

WASHINGTON

Lonnie Trumbull; Seattle (6/23/66)
Kathy Devine; Seattle (11/25/73)
Lynda Ann Healy; University of Washington (2/1/74)
Donna Manson; Evergreen St. College, Olympia (3/12/74)
Susan Rancourt; Central Washington St. College, Ellensburg (4/17/74)
Brenda Baker; Seattle (5/25/74)
Brenda Ball; Burien (6/1/74)
Georgeann Hawkins; University of Washington (6/11/74)
Janice Ott; Lake Sammamish St. Park (7/14/74)
Denise Naslund; Lake Sammamish St. Park (7/14/74)

OREGON
Kathy Parks; Oregon St. (5/6/74)

UTAH
Nancy Wilcox; (10/2/74)
Melissa Smith; Midvale (10/18/74)
Laura Aimee; Lehi (10/31/74)
Debbie Kent; Bountiful (11/8/74)
Susan Curtis; Brigham Young University (6/28/75)
Nancy Baird; Layton (7/4/75)
Debbie Smith; Salt Lake City (2/?/76)

COLORADO
Caryn Campbell; Aspen (1/12/75)
Julie Cunningham; Vail (3/15/75)
Denise Oliverson; Grand Junction (4/6/75)
Melanie Cooley; Nederland (4/15/75)
Shelley Robertson; Golden (7/1/75)

IDAHO
Lynette Culver; Pocatello (5/6/75)
Jane Doe; Boise (9/21/74)

FLORIDA
Lisa Levy; Tallahassee (1/15/78)
Margaret Bowman; Tallahassee (1/15/74)
Kimberly Ann Leach; Lake City (2/9/78)

Serial Killers A-Z

Ted Bundy Timeline:

11/24/46 — Is born as Theodore Robert Cowell in a home for unwed mothers in Burlington, Vermont.
05/19/51 — Bundy's mother, Louise, marries Johnnie Bundy and her son takes his step-father's last name.
Spring 1965 — Graduates from Woodrow Wilson High School in Tacoma, Washington.
Fall 1965 — Enrolls at the University of Puget Sound and attends the school until the Spring of 1966.
06/23/65 — Murders Lonnie Trumbull and seriously injuresroommate Lisa Wick in their Seattle apartment.
Fall 1966 to Spring 1969 — Attends the University of Washington.
1967 to 1968 — Courts Stephanie Brooks, who closely resembles his future victims.
Fall 1968 — Brooks breaks off relationship with Bundy.
Early 1969 — Visits his birthtown of Burlington, Vermont, and learns for certain that he is illegitimate.
Fall 1969 — Re-enters University of Washington and meets Liz Kendall, his girlfriend throughout most of the murders.
Spring 1973 — Graduates from the University of Washington.
11/25/73 — Abducts Kathy Devine from a Seattle street corner.
12/06/73 — Devine's body is found near Olympia, Washington.
01/05/74 — Attacks Joni Lenz in her Seattle apartment. Lenz survives.
02/01/74 — Abducts Lynda Ann Healy from her basement bedroom in Seattle.
03/12/74 — Abducts Donna Manson from the campus of Evergreen College.
04/17/74 — Abducts Susan Rancourt from the Central Washington St. campus.
05/06/74 — Abducts Kathy Parks from the campus at Oregon St.
06/01/74 — Abducts Brenda Ball from Burien, Washington.
06/11/74 — Abducts Georgeann Hawkins from an alley near her University of Washington fraternity house.
06/17/74 — Brenda Baker's body is found in Millersylvania St. Park. It is unknown when she was abducted.
07/14/74 — In separate incidents, Janice Ott and Denise Naslund are abducted from Lake Samm St. Park.
09/02/74 — A Jane Doe is abducted from Boise, Idaho.
Fall 1974 — Enters the University of Utah Law School.
09/07/74 — Body parts of Ott, Naslund, and Hawkins are recovered 2 miles from lake Samm St. Park.
10/02/74 — Abducts Nancy Wilcox.
10/18/74 — Abducts Melissa Smith from Midvale, Utah.
10/27/74 — Smith's body is found in Summitt Park near Salt Lake City, Utah.
10/31/74 — Abducts Laura Aimee from Lehi, Utah.
11/08/74 — Botches abduction of Carol DeRonch but abducts Debby Kent later that day from school in Bountiful.
Thanksgiving 1974 — Aimee's body is found.
01/12/75 — Abducts Caryn Campbell from a hotel in Aspen, Colorado.
02/18/75 — Campbell's body is found near the motel she disappeared from.
03/03/75 — The skulls of Healy, Ball, Parks, and Rancourt are found near Taylor Mountain in Washington.
03/15/75 — Abducts Julie Cunningham from Vail, Colorado.
04/06/75 — Abducts Melanie Cooley from her school in Nederland, Colorado.
04/23/75 — Cooley is found dead twenty miles from Nederland.
05/06/75 — Abducts Lynette Culver from her school playground in Pocatello, Idaho.
06/28/75 — Abducts Susan Curtis from the campus of BYU while attending a youth conference.
07/01/75 — Abducts Shelley Robertson from Golden, Colorado.
07/04/75 — Abducts Nancy Baird from Layton, Utah.
08/16/75 — Arrested for possession of burglary tools during a traffic stop in Salt Lake City.
February 1976 — Abducts Debbie Smith in Utah.
03/01/76 — Is found guilty of aggravated kidnapping in the DeRonch attack.
04/01/76 — Smith's body is found at Salt Lake International Airport.
06/30/76 — Sentenced to 1-15 years in prison.
06/07/77 — Escapes from Pitkin Co. Law Library in Colorado while preparing for trial in the Campbell murder.
06/13/77 — Is apprehended in Aspen, Colorado.
12/30/77 — Escapes from Garfield County Jail in Colorado and flees to Tallahassee, Florida.
01/14/78 — Enters Chi Omega sorority house in Tallahassee, killing Lisa Levy and Magaret Bowman.
01/14/78 — Also attacks Cheryl Thomas in her house nearby, seriously injuring her.
02/09/78 — Abducts Kimberly Ann Leach from her school in Lake City, Florida.
02/15/78 — Arrested while driving a stolen VW in Pensacola, Florida.
04/12/79 — Leach's body is found in Suwanee St. Park in Florida.
07/27/78 — Indicted for the murders of Levy and Bowman.
07/31/78 — Indicted for the Leach murder.
07/07/79 — Leach and Bowman murder trial begins.
07/23/79 — Found guilty of the murders of Levy and Bowman.
07/31/79 — Sentenced to death for the murders of Levy and Bowman.
01/07/80 — Trial begins for the Leach murder.
02/06/80 — Found guilty of Leach murder.
02/09/80 — Sentenced to death for Leach murder.
07/02/86 — Obtains a stay of execution only fifteen minutes before he is scheduled to die.
11/18/86 — Obtains a stay of execution only seven hours before he is scheduled to die.
11/17/89 — Final death warrant is issued.
01/24/89 — Executed in the electric chair at 7:16 AM.

APB Online — Ted Bundy

"The Depths of Depravity; Savvy Sociopath Changes Police Methods," by By Kevin Heldman.

NEW YORK (APBnews.com) — Ted Bundy was a young Republican, law student, avid skier, crisis hotline volunteer and the boy next door. He was also a cannibal, necrophiliac, charismatic sociopath and the man whose name came to define the term "serial killer" for the 20th century.
Though there were at least 57 documented cases of serial killings in America since 1900, Bundy changed the landscape. The man who admitted to killing at least 30 women between 1973 and 1978 — some experts believe he killed more than a hundred — was a remarkable criminal in several ways.

"In 1974 when we had our first [Bundy] crime that we knew of, the phenomena just wasn't very well known," said Robert Keppel, a former homicide detective and author of The Riverman, an account of his search for Washington's Green River Killer and his attempt to enlist Ted Bundy's assistance.
"What makes him unique from a lot of others is the range and the span with which he committed his murders across state lines, across the whole country," Keppel said.
Bundy killed in as many as 10 states, more than any serial killer in American history.

University of Louisville criminology professor Ronald M. Holmes, who spent two years corresponding with Bundy as well as interviewing him in prison, said Bundy's propensity for travel corresponded with the advent of the nation's interstate system and the increased reliability of transportation.
Prior to Bundy, most serial killers murdered in their own backyards. Bundy was the first to deviate significantly from that pattern, establishing the model for the modern-day multiple murderer. A new breed of killer — Bundy was a type of killer police hadn't encountered before. They weren't yet equipped to deal with him. "His case had a great effect on the way law enforcement collects information about killers," Keppel said. "There was no central repository of murder information anywhere in the United States at that time."

Although some experts disagree, Keppel said the Bundy case was instrumental in the development of VICAP (Violent Criminal Apprehension Program), an FBI database designed to collect and link information on serial homicides. The FBI began using VICAP in 1985.
Bundy's geographical range left investigators with the laborious task of phoning individual police departments across the United States and combing through piles of disparate murder records. It was Bundy, by proxy, who taught the FBI the value of a central murder database.
"It took my partner and I a year-and-a-half to collect information on over 90 murders in Western states," said Keppel. "If everybody cooperated in the VICAP program and submitted their crimes, it would have been a matter of seconds."
The media's darling — Bundy, with a hand from the media, changed the face of the serial killer as well. According to Holmes, who has profiled more than 375 murder and rape cases, the public image of the serial killer before Bundy was the psychotic, demented freak with gross physical impairments.

"Then Bundy comes along and says, 'Hey, I'm just like the guy next door — I'm the stranger beside you,' " he said, referring to the title of crime writer Ann Rule's book about Bundy. Holmes said there were serial killers before Bundy who were just as charismatic, just as all-American, but they didn't get the media representation Bundy did.
"We serial killers are your sons, we are your husbands, we are everywhere," Bundy is quoted in Harold Schechter's book, The A to Z Encyclopedia of Serial Killers.
A Ph.D. in serial killing — Bundy called upon a potpourri of serial killer traits and a vast reserve of deviance. According to various accounts, he stored severed heads in his home, and was a loner who was simultaneously engaged to two women while he was killing. He incinerated skulls in his fireplace and vacuumed up the ashes. He re-dressed dead victims, ate their flesh, feigned lameness to lure victims and faked accents. He kept one of his victims in his possession for nine days. He twice escaped from custody, was an experienced cat burglar and insisted on strangling his victims while he looked directly into their eyes.

Bundy looked upon serial killing as a macabre mixture of sport, craft and intellectual pursuit. A 1992 investigative report stated that Bundy went on dry runs, "picking up a woman and releasing her unharmed to test his skills." In interviews, he compared killing to learning how to be a better repairman or cook. He told interviewers he had a Ph.D. in serial killing. Killed only the best victims — Perhaps Bundy's most significant impact on the public consciousness was the breadth of his killing and the identities of his victims. Bundy didn't kill prostitutes or drug dealers. He killed the police chief's daughter. He killed pretty young college girls. His crimes caused outrage and led to nationwide media coverage.
"He was killing the best and most attractive of the youth," said Holmes. "He was killing college girls that were the future of America. They were very valuable victims."

Serving as his own defense attorney, Bundy dragged out his execution for almost 11 years. Snippets of his televised trial in Miami came into people's homes on the news each night. By the time he was executed in 1989 at age 42, Bundy was so widely despised that, according to Schechter's book, people gathered outside the prison where he was to be electrocuted to toast his death with champagne. Across the state of Washington, Keppel said taverns in every city put up billboards celebrating his impending execution: "Drink one to Bundy."

Through the Looking Glass

Ted Bundy Quotations: Theodore Robert Bundy is trying to TELL you Something:

"It is not an easy matter to isolate things. I mean, incidents which themselves could cause pressure or stress, be unpleasant to one degree or another or have a disorienting effect. You have to see it in its unique effect on the unique individual. There are no broad generalizations or predictions you can make. You just can't predict behavior like that. Society wants to believe it can identify evil people ... it's not practical ... If someone does something antisocial and deviant, that is a manifestation of something that is going on inside. Once they do something, then they can be labeled. Predictions can't be made until that point is reached."

"I think that you could say that the influence of the person's family history was positive. But not positive enough — not enduring, perhaps not strong enough to overcome the urges or compulsions that resulted ... in this instance, the influence of the family and the environment in which this person grew up were positive, but not so positive as to prepare this individual ..."
"You take the individual we are talking about ... and then you subject him to stress. Stress happens to come randomly, but its effect on the personality is not random; it's specific. That results in a certain amount of chaos, confusion, and frustration. That person begins to seek out a target for his frustrations. The continued nature of this stress this person was under — the nature of the flaw or weakness in his personality, together with other elements in the environment that offer him a logical target for his frustrations or escapes from reality — yields the situation we're discussing ... There is no trigger, it is truly more sophisticated than that."

"I hate to use labels that are psychological or psychiatric because there are no stereotypes, and when you start to use those labels, you stop looking at the facts."
"This condition is not immediately seen by the individual or identified as a serious problem. It sort of manifests itself in an interest concerning sexual behavior, as sexual images ... But this interest, for some unknown reason, becomes geared toward matters of a sexual nature that involves violence. I cannot emphasize enough the gradual development of this. It is not short term ... This is on a different level than this individual would deal with women every day, and not in the context of sexual condition, because that is over here someplace, like collecting stamps. He doesn't retain the taste of glue, so to speak, all day long. But in a broader, more abstract way, it begins to preoccupy him."

"He has no hatred for women; there is nothing in his background that happened that would indicate he has been abused by any females ... there is some kind of weakness that gives rise to this individual's interest in the kind of sexual activity involving violence that would gradually begin to absorb some of his fantasy ... he was not imagining himself actually doing these things, but he found gratification from reading about others so engaged. Eventually the interest would become so demanding toward new material that it could only be catered to by what he could find in the dirty book stores."

[Bundy described the part of "this personality" that found gratification in the thoughts, and later acts, of sexual violence as "the entity," "the disordered self," and "the malignancy." The schemes or ruses used for isolating and abducting his victims, were a result of fantasy, and attributed to the "Ted," or dominant part of the personality. The following are statements made by Ted in which he discusses the progressive pattern of sexual violence prior to the commission of murder.]

"Say he was walking down the street on one occasion, one evening, and just totally, by chance ... looked up into the window of a house and saw a woman undressing ... And he began, with some regularity, with increasing regularity, to, uh, canvass, as it were, the community he lived in. By peeping in windows, as it were, and watching a woman undress, or watching whatever could be seen, you know, during the evening, and approaching it almost like a project, throwing himself into it, literally for years ... These occasions when he when he would, uh, travel about the neighborhoods that adjoined his and search out candidates for ... search out places where ... he could see what he wanted to see ... more or less these occasions were dictated ... still being dictated by this person's normal life. So he wouldn't break a date or postpone an important, uh, event ... wouldn't rearrange his life ... to accommodate this, uh, indulgence in voyeuristic behavior ... He gained ... a great amount of gratification from it. And he became increasingly adept at it — as anyone becomes adept at anything they do over and over and over again ... What began to happen was that ... important matters were not being rearranged or otherwise interfered with by this voyeuristic behavior, but with increasing regularity, things were postponed or otherwise rescheduled, to, uh, work around, uh, hours and hours spent on the street, at night and during the early morning hours."

" ... what's happening is that we're building up the condition ... and what may have been a predisposition for violence becomes a disposition. And as the condition develops and its purposes or its characteristics become more well defined, it begins to demand more time of the individual ... There's a certain amount of tension, uh, struggle, between the normal personality and this, this, uh, psychopathological, uh, entity ... The tension between normal individual, uh, normal consciousness of this individual and those demands being submitted to him via this competing ... this condition inside him seems to be competing for more attention ... And it's not an independent thing. One doesn't switch on and the other doesn't switch off. They're more or less active at the same time. Sometimes one is more active ... "

" ... a point would be reached where we'd had all of this, this reservoir of tension building. Building and building. Finally, inevitably, this force — this entity — would make a breakthrough ... Maybe not a major breakthrough, but a significant breakthrough would be achieved — where the tension would be too great and the demands and expectations of this entity would reach a point where they just could not be controlled. And where the consequences would really be seen for the first time."
" I think you could make a little more sense of it if you take into account the effect of alcohol. It's important ... When this person drank a good deal, his inhibitions were significantly diminished. He would find that his urge to engage in voyeuristic behavior on trips to the book store would become more prevalent, more urgent. On every occasion when he engaged in such behavior, he was intoxicated."

" ... On one particular evening, when he had been drinking a great deal ... and he was passing a bar, he saw a woman leaving the bar and walk up a fairly dark side street. And we'd say that for no ... the urge to do something to that person seized him -- in a way he'd never been affected before ... And it seized him strongly. And to the point where, uh, without giving a great deal of thought, he searched around for some instrumentality to uh, uh, attack this woman with. He found a piece of a two-by-four in a lot somewhere and proceeded to follow and track this girl ... and he reached the point where he was, uh, almost driven to do something — there was really no control at this point ... the sort of revelation of that experience and the frenzied desire that seized him, uh, really seemed to usher in a new dimension to the, that part of himself that was obsessed with ... violence and women and sexual activity — a composite kind of thing. Not terribly well defined, but more well defined as time went on."

"On succeeding evenings he began to, uh, scurry around this same neighborhood, obsessed with the image he'd seen on the evening before ... and on one particular occasion, he saw a woman park her car and walk up to her front door and fumble with her keys. He walked up behind her and struck her with a ... piece of wood that he was carrying. And she fell down and began screaming, and he panicked and ran. What he had done had ... purely terrified him ... The sobering effect of that was to ... for some time ... close up the cracks again. And not do anything. For the first time, he sat back and swore to himself that he wouldn't do something like that again ... or anything that would lead to it ... And he did everything he should have done. He stayed away from ... he did not go out at night. And when he was drinking, he stayed around friends. For a period of months, the enormity of what he did stuck with him, and he watched his behavior and reinforced the desire to overcome what he had begun to perceive were some problems that were probably more severe than he would have liked to believe they were ... within a matter of months ... the impact of this event lost its ... deterrent value. And within months he was back ... peeping in windows again and slipping into that old routine ... the repulsion began to recede ... something did stick with him. That was the incredible danger: by allowing himself to fall into spontaneous, unplanned acts of violence ... It took six months or so, until he back thinking of alternative means of engaging in similar activities, but not ... something that would be likely to result in apprehension."

"Then on another night he saw a woman walking home ... he followed her home ... Eventually, he created a plan where he would attack her in, in the house ... early one morning, uh, he sneaked into her house ... he jumped on the woman's bed and attempted to restrain her... all he succeeded in doing was waking her up, and, uh, causing her to panic and scream. He left very rapidly ... And then he was seized with the same kind of disgust, repulsion, and fear and wonder at why he was allowing himself to attempt such extraordinary violence ... But the significance ... was that while he did the same thing he did before — stayed off the streets, vowed he'd never do it again and recognized the horror of what he'd done, and certainly was frightened by what he saw happening — it only took him three months to get over it this time ... and then the next incident, he was over it in a month — until it didn't take him any time at all to recover... "

"We are talking about anonymous, abstracted, living and breathing people ... but they were not known. To a point they were symbols, uh, but once a certain point in the encounter had been crossed, they ceased being individuals and became, uh, well you could say problems ... that's not the word either... that's when the rational self — the normal self — would surface and, and, react with fear and horror ... But, recognizing the state of affairs, would sort of conspire with this other part of himself to conceal the act. The survival took precedence over remorse ... the normal individual, began to condition mentally, out guilt out guilt; using a variety of mechanisms. Saying it was justifiable, it was, uh, acceptable, it was necessary, and on and on."

"He received no pleasure from harming or causing pain to the person he attacked. He received absolutely no gratification from causing pain and did everything possible, within reason — considering the unreasonableness of the situation — not to torture these individuals, at least not physically."

[The following are statements made by Ted concerning the abduction and murder of twenty-one year old college co-ed Lynda Healy, which occurred on January 31, 1974. Healy was vanish ed from the basement bedroom the home which she shared with several other students. More than year had passed before her remains were discovered, as were those of three other young women, scattered on the hillside of Taylor Mountain.]

" ... he checked out the house and found that the front door was open. He thought about it. What kind of opportunity that offered. And returned to the house later and entered the house ... Then he went around the house and found a particular door and opened — really hit and miss. Not knowing who or what, not looking or anyone in particular ... that would be the opportunity. This was late at night. And presumably everyone would be asleep ... we know that sometime later the remains were found somewhere in the Cascades. So obviously she transported up there ... some place that was quiet and private. His home or some secluded area ... He would have the girl undress and then, with that part of himself gratified, he found himself in a position where he realized then he couldn't let the girl go. And at that point he would kill her and leave her body where he had taken her."

"As far as remorse over the act, that would last for a period of time. But it could all be justified. The person would attempt to justify it by saying, "Well, listen you, you fucked up this time, but you're never going to do it again. So let's just stay together, and it won't ever happen again." Why sacrifice this person's whole life ... But this did not last for very long. A matter of weeks. We go first into a state of semi-dormancy, and then it would sort of regenerate itself, in one form or another ... Once the condition began to reassert its force, it didn't look back. It looked forward. Didn't want to dwell on the preceding event, but begin to plan, anticipate, contemplate the next ... things would be learned. Experience teaches in overt and subtle ways. And over a period of time, there would be less panic, there would be less confusion, there would be less fear and apprehension. There would be a faster regeneration period."

The following statements are made by Ted concerning the abduction and murder of twenty-two year old Kathy Parks. Kathy was last seen on May 6, 1974 at Oregon State University. Her remains were discovered approximately a year later on the hillside of Taylor Mountain.]

"It was established quite early in the case that her body had been ravished by wildlife ... a whole variety of wild animals ... feed on the carcasses ... This might give us one as clue as to why this person returned to that site on at least several occasions . Perhaps it was discovered that when a body was left there, and later when the individual would return to check out the situation, he would find that it was no longer there!"

The following statements made by Ted are not relative to any one crime in particular.]

"Once he'd made his contact — and it appeared he was going to be able to carry it through — he became very calm and analytical about the situation he was in ... a period of relaxation ... until it came time for him to kill the victim ... he would become torn apart as to the correctness of his conduct ... he'd still have the overriding need to dispose of the victim, and, of course, once it was done, he would usually go into a state of panic. Suddenly it would seem as if the dominant, or formerly dominant ... the predominant, normal self came back into control in a horrifying way. Or one that is presented with ... conceived with panic and confusion ... Fear of being captured or discovered ... I would envision a continuation of this kind of collaboration ... between that one part of this person's self. Which demands certain gratification, and the more dominant, law-abiding, more ethical, rational, normal self — which was sort of forced to become a party to this kind of conduct. Basically you might say there was a shared division of responsibility. This came as much from evolution as from conscious choice."

" ... this activity is just a small, small portion of what was predominantly a normal existence ... which continued to be a normal existence ... This person could still be very much in favor of law and order and the police ... and be very genuinely shocked by crime in the newspaper. And very much moved by people who suffered the death of a loved one. Complete, genuine responding in a normal fashion. Willing and able to help police. He would have a real feeling in those regards. Not out of a desire to protect or hide. These were just normal responses ... The uniqueness of the whole situation is how this condition pertained to such a narrow spectrum of activity. The inhibitions that would normally prevent a person from acting that way were specifically excised, removed, diminished, repressed ... in such a way as to not affect all the other inhibitions -- or to result in the deterioration off the entire personality. But only in that tiny, tiny slice!"

"We would expect that after the passing of a period of time, this psychological condition, or part of that individual's self ... would reach a state of maturity ... its growth would greatly diminish ... the normal self had a pretty good understanding of this condition. Learned, uh, how to tolerate it..And perhaps, as a symptom of this matured state of development of the condition ... we'd expect this individual wouldn't need to drink to over come his inhibitions."

"It's like trying to examine what's in the medical cabinet by, in great detail, examining what's in the mirror ... he wasn't seeing through perhaps, the morass of justifications and obfuscations that he'd created and indulged in — and what he was closely examining was the reflection in the mirror, not what was behind it. Not what was really going on ... on the one hand he thought he'd looked at the problem and dealt with it."

TB: How does a person . . . how does a soldier deal with war?

HA: Well, he has the justification built in, you see, there.

TB: So does the mass murderer.

Through the Looking Glass

Psychiatric Evaluation of Ted Bundy (Deposition of Dr. Emanuel Tanay)

The following is a deposition taken by Polly Nelson, who represented Bundy throughout the collateral appeal process. It was only at this stage that the question of Ted Bundy's sanity was raised, though not in relation to the crimes. Nelson was hoping prove to the court that Bundy was not, at the time, comepetent to stand trial, therefore invalidating his conviction on three counts of murder. Dr. Emauel Tanay, who evaluated Bundy in 1979, is testifying as to what his findings were at that time.

Saturday, December 12, 1987.

Polly Nelson: What were your impressions of Mr. Bundy when you examined him on May eighteenth, 1979?

Dr. Emanuel Tanay: My impressions were that he was an individual who was indeed rather intelligent — who was well informed about a variety of matters — but, just as I indicated in my preliminary report, based on documents only, namely April twenty-seventh, 1979, he showed a typical picture of someone who suffers from a lifelong personality disorder. Someone who was, what we would call in psychiatry, an impulse-ridden indivdual, prone to acting out and more involved with immediate gratification than any long-term concerns. He was what in the literature has been described in the past as a typical psychopathic type of personality. This is an old term that is no longer used outside of textbooks, but nevertheless I found it quite descriptive of Mr. Bundy.

Nelson: What do you mean by the term "impulse-ridden?"

Tanay: Someone who has no control, or at least impaired control, over his or her impulses. Most people might perceive a certain type of impulse to act in a certain fashion, because it might gratify some kind of need, but they will reflect about it and make choices. Impulse-ridden individuals don't have that ability. They are driven to gratify their impulse without subjecting it to reflection.

Nelson: Turning to page four of Exhibit Fifteen, you state that "in the nearly three hours which I spent with Mr. Bundy I found him to be in a cheerful, even jovial, mood. He was witty but not flippant; he spoke freely; however, meaningful communication was never established. He was asked about his apparent lack of concern so out of keeping with the charges facing him. He acknowledged that he was facing a possible death sentence. However, he said, 'I'll cross that bridge when I get to it.' " Do you recall that impression?

Tanay: Yes, I do.

Nelson: Could you describe more fully what Mr. Bundy's mood and affect was like at that time?

Tanay: Mr. Bundy was more involved with impressing me with his brilliance and his wit than to use the services that had been arranged for him of an expert. He was informed that I was someone of national reputation and that he was to avail himself of these services — Mr. Minerva and other members of the defense team had so informed me — but that did not take place. Mr. Bundy dealt with me as if I was a reporter for Time magazine or some other publication. He certainly didn't deal with me as if I was a psychiatrist retained by the defense to assist in defending him when he was facing a death sentence. He played a similar game with me as he played with the investigators.

Nelson: In what way?

Tanay: You see, I pointed out to him that a person who committed these type of sadistic homicides may be someone who may have available to him the defense of insanity, and I clearly indicated to him that it may be useful for him to discuss that with me; and just like he did with the investigators, he was confessing that he did — and I say "confessing" in quotes, because it wasn't an official confession, but he was leading me to believe that he indeed committed these acts. Just like he told the investigators, to use their own words, that he was telling them that he did it, and yet he wasn't.
So he was creating a situation where he was pursuading people that he committed these acts and yet making it impossible for a psychiatrist, like myself, to review this in a manner that could convceivably assist his lawyer in formulating a defense, and he played it, ya know, he talked to me but never really talked to me about the situation directly. He never acknowledged that he committed the acts, therefore we could never discuss them, and yet he was indicating, in a manner that I can't really describe to you, just as he did with the police officers, that he was the one who did it.

Nelson: What was your impression of the reason that Mr. Bundy was acting in that way?

Tanay: My impression was that it was typical behavior of a psychopath who likes to defy authority, who has a need, who is driven to defy authority — and that includes lawyers, psychiatrists, law enforcement, judges — and that was more important to him than saving his own life. He was typically responding to a gratification of the moment.

Nelson: You wrote here on page five of Exhibit Fifteen that "Mr. Bundy rationalized away every piece of evidence which linked him to the crime," and a little further down, "Mr. Bundy has an incapacity to recognize the significance of the evidence held against him. It would be simplistic to characterize this as merely lying, in as much as he acts as if his perception of the evidence was reality — he makes decisions based upon these distorted perceptions of reality." Do those statements accurately reflect your opinions concerning Mr. Bundy?

Tanay: Yes. On the same page I am describing, or making reference to what I knew at the time the evidence was against him, which certainly I was told by his attorneys was persuasive. By confronting him with the interview I tried to find out if he would respond to my pointing out to him the reality that he was facing, which he did. He simply rejected it.

Nelson: At the bottom of the same page you state, "It is my opinion, based on a variety of data, that his dealings with the criminal justice system are dominated by psychopathology." Are you referring there merely to the alleged crimes or to Mr. Bundy's other behaviors?

Tanay: Both. He was doing the same thing, he was being the same psychopath when he dealt with his victims that he tortured and killed as when he was dealing with lawyers who were helping him, or investigators who were trying to solve the crime. He was behaving in the same manner — psychiatrically it was the same, even though the consequences were obviously not as tragic, since he couldn't harm anybody in the manner that he harmed his victims. He was harming other people. He was destructive to himself. He was destructive to his lawyers. My observations were that he was manipulating people around him, including his lawyers, even though it was destructive to him. Ultimately he was the victim of it all, but he was victimizing other people even while he was in jail.

Nelson: In your opinion, was this behavior of Mr Bundy's under his conscious control?

Tanay: No, it was not. This was part and parcel of his maladaptive personality structure. He was doing what was dictated by his personality disorder.

Nelson: This psychopathology that you note, with which he deals with the criminal justice system, was that a temporary phenomena or was it a chronic condition?

Tanay: It was a lifelong pattern. It was not a temporary phenomena. It was an expression of his basic persoanlity structure.

Nelson: Would you describe Exhibit One?

Tanay: The real background of it is the fact that I told Mr. Minerva that I did not believe that Mr. Bundy would do what he was told to do, and my recollection was that Mr. Minerva was writing this to confirm that I was right, because I did — I recall Mr. Minerva expressing to some degree, I would have to say, admiration, for the fact that I had anticipated what would occur — I did not think that Mr. Bundy would cooperate.

Nelson: Cooperate in what manner?

Tanay: With the advice of his lawyers — including even Mr. Farmer, who supposedly Mr. Bundy greatly respected and admired — and that he would take the guilty plea, because it was my view that he would not, because that would terminate the show, his ability to be the celebrity would come to an end, he would be just someone who was spared from the death sentence, and the show would be over. Whereas, his need was to have the proceedings go on and on in order to gratify his pathological needs.

Nelson: If Mr.Bundy made the decision to reject the plea bargain, in your opinion would that have been a rational decision?

Tanay: No. It was, in my opinion, clearly an irrational decision, even though I anticipated it, not because it was rational but because it was consistent with the psychopathology, the mental disorder from which he suffered. In fact, had he done what his lawyers advised him to do, that would have been rational, since it was forseeable that he would be convicted and face the death penalty.

Nelson: Was Mr. Bundy's behavior with his attorney and his actions in terms of self-representation and other defense matters, was that an integral part of his psychopathology?

Tanay: Very definitely so. He behaved like a typical psychopath with his lawyers, and, for that matter, with me.

Nelson: You testified at the competency hearing of June eleventh, 1979. At that hearing, did Mr. Bundy's competency counsel, Mr. Hayes, explore your opinion to develop facts on which to make a decision as to Mr. Bundy's competency?

Tanay: No one did that. To be very simplistic about it, my feeling of that hearing was like someone who dressed up for the party and arrived and they canceled the party. I was asked very few questions, and very little information about my knowledge of Mr. Bundy or the case was placed on the record.

Nelson: In your experience as an expert witness, was this proceeding unique?

Tanay: I have testified — I belive the first time was thrity years ago, and I have testified on many occasions since — but this is the only case like that, where I have been declared an adverse witness to both parties, and where information that I had was really not developed by the means of an adversary proceeding. Normally, one side pulls in one direction, the other side pulls in the other direction, and considerable information is elicited. I always consider cross-examination to be essential to develop a point of view that I am presenting.

Nelson: Did you feel that your opinion was adequately presented in this hearing?

Tanay: Not at all. Not at all. There was no exploration — that was my impression, I made some notes of it — that was my impression of what happened, and when I read it now that just confirms that my considerable work invested in the case was not utilized in that hearing. I mean, I did not develop my opinion and explain my opinion in this case. An expert witness, unlike a lecturer in a classroom, cannot function on his or her own. He or she is completely, say, at the mercy of whoever takes the testimony.

Nelson: Did you have an opinion at the time of the hearing on June eleventh whether or not Mr. Bundy was able to assist his counsel?

Tanay: Considering the nature of the functions that he was to perform as a defendant claiming innocence, it was my opinion that he was not able to stand trial. When you say assist his counsel, he was his own counsel.

Nelson: Was he capable of changing that behavior and not becoming his own counsel?

Tanay: In my opinion, he was not. He was predictably unpredictable. What I mean by that is that one could anticipate that he would be guided more by showmanship than prudence.

Nelson: Was Mr. Bundy able meaningfully to assit his counsel at that time?

Tanay: He was not.

Nelson: Referring to the first factor in the Florida rules of criminal procedure governing competency to stand trial, do you have an opinion as to whether Mr. Bundy was able to appreciate the charges?

Tanay: Yes, I do have an opinion that he was able to appreciate the charges intellectually.

Nelson: When you say "intellectually," do you mean that there was some way in which he was not able to appreciate the charges?

Tanay: That's true. I'm of the opinion that he did not appreciate the seriousness of the charges. He could intellectually tell you what the charges were, but he just dismissed them as real insignificant — based on his rich imagination of law enforcement — which was not the case. Clearly the charges were based upon solid evidence, but that was not his view.

Nelson: Dr. Tanay, when you say that Mr. Bundy dismissed the weight of the evidence against him, was that merely carelessness on his part or was that due to an emotional or mental factor?

Tanay: It was part of the illness, his attitude was the product, the outcome, of the nature of the illness.

Nelson: Looking to the second factor of the Florida standards, was Mr. Bundy able to appreciate the range and the nature of the possible penalty?

Tanay: Again, intellectually he was. As I pointed out in my report, he said that he would cross that bridge when he came to it, when I was asking him, Do you know that you are facing th death snetence? He could intellectually acknowledge it, but he sure didn't act like a man who was facing a death sentence. He was acting like a man who did not have a care in the world. I think I commented upon it in my report, that he was cheerful and acted more like a man who was not in jail but was onstage.

Nelson: Was that fact psychiatrically significant?

Tanay: Yes. It's consistent with the diagnosis that I have previously described, of someone who is typical psychopath or suffers from a personality disorder.

Nelson: Dr. Tanay, did you ever observe Mr. Bundy with Mr. Minerva?

Tanay: Yes. As I indicated in my report, Mr. Bundy was acting as if Mr. Minerva was his third assistant and not a lawyer representing him.

Nelson: Did you in June of 1979 have an opinion as to Mr. Bundy's ability to assist his attorneys in planning his defense?

Tanay: I did have an opinion.

Nelson: And what was that opinion?

Tanay: That he was unable to assist in planning his defense. To the contrary, he was interfering with whatever meaningful plans the defense made. He sabotaged pretty consitently what the defense lawyers had worked out. His conduct was symptomatic of his illness, and it was outside his control.

Nelson: What was your opinion as to Mr. Bundy's motivation to help himself in the legal process?

Tanay: He was not motivated by a need to help himself. He was motivated by the need to be the star of the show, as I pointed out in my report. He was the producer of a play in which he was playing a big role. The defense and his future were of secondary importance to him.

Nelson: was he competent to perform the functions of co-counsel?

Tanay: Definitely not. I have absolutely no doubt that he was a disaster as cocounsel or chief counsel of his own defense and that was certainly forseeable.

Yodaspage — Ted Bundy: 10 Years Later (Associated Press)

Decade After Ted Bundy's Execution, Survivors Still Quiver, Mourn

JACKSONVILLE, Fla. (AP) - The heavy footsteps of emergency medical technicians and the crackling of police radios awakened Susan Denton from a deep sleep to a scene of horror and blood.
In the hallway of Chi Omega sorority house at Florida State University in Tallahassee, her friend Karen Chandler was being loaded onto a gurney. Another sorority sister, Kathy Kleiner, sat dazed on her bed down the hall, blood pouring down her face. Two others had been strangled: Margaret Bowman's body lay in her room, and Lisa Levy died on the way to the hospital.

``When you realize how close it occurred, you think why was it their room and not our room? You go through all that,'' said Ms. Denton in an interview recently.
She still quivers at the memory of the January 1978 attacks and of the sinister stranger with the engaging smile and magnetic appeal who was finally convicted of the rampage, Theodore Robert Bundy. It has been 10 years since Ted Bundy was executed in Florida's electric chair.
``There probably wasn't a day that went by that I didn't think of Lisa and Margaret,'' said Ms. Denton, who for 14 years worked to make Florida's victim rights laws more sensitive to crime victims.

From early 1974 to early 1978, the stranger called ``Ted'' stalked young women on college campuses, at shopping malls, in apartment buildings and grade schools in Washington, Oregon, Utah, Idaho, Colorado and finally Florida.
``He was the kind of charmer that you would take home to your sister,'' said David Lee, now with the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission. Two decades ago, on Feb. 15, 1978, as a Pensacola policeman he had spotted a stolen Volkswagen and signaled the driver to pull over.
During questioning, the driver kicked Lee's legs out from under him and ran. Lee fired a warning shot, then a second round at the fleeing man. Lee thought he had wounded the man but soon found himself in a struggle over his gun. He finally subdued and arrested the man.
It turned out that Lee had apprehended one of the FBI's 10 Most Wanted. The man was a suspect in the murders of the two Chi Omega sisters and Kimberly Leach, a 12-year-old abducted from outside her school in Lake City on Feb. 9, 1978, brutalized and left dead in a deserted hog shed.
He was Ted Bundy.

As a teen, Bundy was shy and sensitive. At a Seattle crisis center, he counseled the depressed, the alcoholic, the suicidal. He graduated with a degree in psychology from the University of Washington in 1972, designed a program for dealing with habitual criminals and wrote a pamphlet on rape for the King County crime commission.
Although no one knows for sure how many women Bundy killed, his first victim is believed to be Mary Adams, 18, whose battered body was found in her Seattle bedroom on Jan. 4, 1974.

In the next year and a half, police investigated several disappearances and killings of women in the West, some of them since linked to Bundy. He was arrested in August 1975 and convicted in March 1976 of kidnapping Carol DaRonch in Utah. That fall, he was charged with killing a Michigan nurse in Aspen, Colo. But he escaped from custody twice, the last time in December 1977.
And once again, the murders started mounting.

Bob Keppel, chief investigator of the Washington state attorney general's office, spent Bundy's final days trying to tie him to unsolved crimes.
``There was no human remains found. We were able to feel he was the one who committed all the murders. He confessed to more than 30 of them,'' said Keppel, author of ``The River Man'' about Bundy's murderous odyssey.
Mike Minerva, who defended Bundy in the Chi Omega murders, said prosecutors offered a deal to spare his life if he pleaded guilty to the three Florida slayings in exchange for 75 years in prison. Bundy backed out at the last minute.
``It made him realize he was going to have to stand up in front of the whole world and say he was guilty. He just couldn't do it,'' said Minerva, who works in the public defender's office in Tallahassee.
After 11 years of trials and appeals, then-Florida Gov. Bob Martinez signed the final death warrant against Bundy on Jan. 17, 1989.

On the night before his execution, Bundy talked of suicide, recalled Bill Hagmaier, chief of the FBI's National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crimes.
``We had some discussions about morality and the taking of another life and his concerns about trying to explain to God about his actions,'' Hagmaier added.`

After drafting a will and letters to his mother, wife and daughter, there was one more thing the killer wanted.
``He wanted to rehearse his execution,'' Hagmaier said. ``I talked him through it, the mechanics of it.''
``I'm afraid to die,'' Bundy told him.

The sun was peeking over the horizon on Jan. 24, 1989, when a black-hooded executioner turned a switch that sent 2,000 volts through Bundy's body.
As witnesses walked into the cold air from the stuffy execution viewing area, fireworks erupted in the cow pasture across the road from Florida State Prison. There, hawkers sold ``Burn Bundy Burn'' T-shirts and gold electric- chair lapel pins. Dozens cheered when the hearse carrying his body drove by.
Assistant State Attorney Bob Dekle helped put Bundy in the electric chair for the murder of little Kimberly Leach. As he watched the execution, his mind replayed vivid images of that April day in 1978 when her body was discovered.
``I'm satisfied that it's over,'' he said recently, ``but for some people like Kim Leach's family, it will never be over.''

The Wacky World of Murder: Ted Bundy

Theodore Robert Bundy

BORN : November 24, 1946

DIED : January 24, 1989

VICTIMS : 23+

Ted Bundy is a striking contrast to the general image of a "homicidal maniac": attractive, self-assured, politically ambitious, and successful with a wide variety of women. But his private demons drove him to extremes of violence that make the gory worst of modern "slasher" films seem almost petty by comparison. With his chameleon-like ability to blend, his talent for belonging, Bundy posed an ever-present danger to the pretty, dark-haired women he selected as his victims.

Linda Healy was the first fatality. On January 31, 1974, she vanished from her basement lodgings in Seattle, leaving bloody sheets behind, a blood-stained nightgown hanging in her closet. Several blocks away, young Susan Clarke had been assaulted, bludgeoned in her bed a few weeks earlier, but she survived her crushing injuries and would eventually recover. As for Lynda Healy, she was gone without a trace.

Police had no persuasive evidence of any pattern yet, but it would not be long in coming. On March 12, Donna Gail Manson disappeared en route to a concert in Olympia, Washington. On April 17, Susan Rancourt vanished on her way to see a German language film in Ellensburg. On May 6, Roberta Parks failed to return from a late-night stroll in her Corvallis neighborhood. On June 1, Brenda Ball left Seattle's Flame Tavern with an unknown man and vanished, as if into thin air. Ten days later, Georgann Hawkins joined the list of missing women, lost somewhere between her boyfriend's apartment and her own sorority house in Seattle.

Now detectives had their pattern. All the missing women had been young, attractive, with their dark hair worn at shoulder length or longer, parted in the middle. In their photos, laid out side-by-side, they might have passed for sisters, some for twins. Homicide investigators had no corpses yet, but they refused to cherish false illusions of a happy ending to the case. There were so many victims, and the worst was yet to come.

July 14. A crowd assembled on the shores of Lake Sammamish to enjoy the sun and water sports of summer. When the day was over, two more names would be appended to the growing list of missing women: Janice Ott and Denise Naslund had each disappeared within sight of their separate friends, but this time police had a tenuous lead. Passers-by remembered seeing Janice Ott in conversation with a man who carried one arm in a sling; he had been overheard to introduce himself as "Ted." With that report in hand, detectives turned up other female witnesses who were themselves approached by "Ted" at Lake Sammamish. In each case, he had asked for help securing a sailboat to his car. The lucky women had declined, but one had followed "Ted" to where his small Volkswagen "bug" was parked; there was no sign of any sailboat, and his explanation - that the boat would have to be retrieved from a house "up the hill" — had aroused her suspicions, prompting her to put the stranger off.

Police now had a fair description of their suspect and his car. The published references to "Ted" inspired a rash of calls reporting "suspects," one of them in reference to college student Theodore Bundy. The authorities checked out each lead as time allowed, but Bundy was considered "squeaky clean;" a law student and Young Republican active in law-and-order politics, he once had chased a mugger several blocks to make a citizen's arrest. So many calls reporting suspects had been made from spite or simple overzealousness, and Bundy's name was filed away with countless others, momentarily forgotten.

On September 7, hunters found a makeshift graveyard on a wooded hillside several miles from Lake Sammamish. Dental records were required to finally identify remains of Janice Ott and Denise Naslund; the skeleton of a third woman, found with the others, could not be identified. Five weeks later, on October 12, another hunter found the bones of two more women in Clark County. One victim was identified as Carol Valenzuela, missing for two months from Vancouver, Washington, on the Oregon border; again, the second victim would remain unknown, recorded in the files as a "Jane Doe." Police were optimistic, hopeful that discovery of victims would eventually lead them to the killer, but they had no way of knowing that their man had given them the slip already, moving on in search of safer hunting grounds and other prey.

The terror came to Utah on October 2, 1974, when Nancy Wilcox disappeared in Salt Lake City. On October 18, Melissa Smith vanished in Midvale; her body, raped and beaten, would be unearthed in the Wasatch Mountains nine days later. Laura Aime joined the missing list in Orem, on October 31, while walking home in costume from a Halloween party; a month would pass before her battered, violated body was discovered in a wooded area outside of town. A man attempted to abduct attractive Carol Da Ronch from a Salt Lake City shopping mall November 8, but she was able to escape before he could attach a pair of handcuffs to her wrists. That evening, Debbie Kent was kidnapped from the auditorium at Salt Lake City's Viewmont High School.

Authorities in Utah kept communications open with police in other states, including Washington. They might have noticed that a suspect from Seattle, one Ted Bundy, was attending school in Utah when the local disappearances occurred, but they were looking for a madman, rather than a sober, well-groomed student of the law who seemed to have political connections in Seattle. Bundy stayed on file, and was again forgotten.

With the new year, Colorado joined the list of hunting grounds for an elusive killer who apparently selected victims by their hairstyles. Caryn Campbell was the first to vanish, from a ski lodge at Snowmass on January 12; her raped and battered body would be found on February 17. On March 15, Julie Cunningham disappeared en route to a tavern in Vail. One month later to the day, Melanie Cooley went missing while riding her bicycle in Nederland; she was discovered eight days later, dead, her skull crushed, with her jeans pulled down around her ankles. On July 1, Shelly Robertson was added to the missing list in Golden; her remains were found on August 23, discarded in a mine shaft near the Berthoud Pass.

A week before the final, grim discovery, Ted Bundy was arrested in Salt Lake City for suspicion of burglary. Erratic driving had attracted the attention of police, and an examination of his car - a small VW - revealed peculiar items such as handcuffs and a pair of panty hose with eyeholes cut to form a stocking mask. The glove compartment yielded gasoline receipts and maps that linked the suspect with a list of Colorado ski resorts, including Vail and Snowmass. Carol Da Ronch identified Ted Bundy as the man who had attacked her in November, and her testimony was sufficient to convict him on a charge of attempted kidnapping. Other states were waiting for a shot at Bundy now, and in January 1977 he was extradited to Colorado for trial in the murder of Caryn Campbell, at Snowmass.

Faced with prison time already, Bundy had no time to spare for further trials. He fled from custody in June, and was recaptured after eight days on the road. On December 30 he tried again, with more success, escaping all the way to Tallahassee, Florida, where he found lodgings on the outskirts of Florida State University. Suspected in a score of deaths already, Bundy had secured himself another happy hunting ground.

In the small hours of January 15, 1978, he invaded the Chi Omega sorority house, dressed all in black and armed with a heavy wooden club. Before he left, two women had been raped and killed, a third severely injured by the beating he inflicted with his bludgeon. Within the hour, he had slipped inside another house, just blocks away, to club another victim in her bed. She, too, survived. Detectives at the Chi Omega house discovered bite marks on the corpses there, appalling evidence of Bundy's fervor at the moment of the kill.

On February 6, Ted stole a van and drove to Jacksonville, where he was spotted in the act of trying to abduct a schoolgirl. Three days later, twelve-year-old Kimberly Leach disappeared from a schoolyard nearby; she was found in the first week of April, her body discarded near Suwanee State Park.

Police in Pensacola spotted Bundy's stolen license plates on February 15, and were forced to run him down as he attempted to escape on foot. Once Bundy was identified, impressions of his teeth were taken to compare with bite marks on the Chi Omega victims, and his fate was sealed. Convicted on two counts of murder in July 1979, he was sentenced to die in Florida's electric chair. A third conviction and death sentence were subsequently obtained in the case of Kimberly Leach. After ten years of appeals, Bundy was finally executed in February 1989, he confessed to a total of 28 murders.

This bio was taken from "Hunting Humans," by Michael Newton.

State v. Bundy, 589 P.2d 760 (Utah, 1978) (Aggravated Kidnapping)

The defendant was charged with, and convicted of, the crime of Aggravated Kidnapping. The trial was to the court sitting without a jury. An 18 year old girl was in a Shopping Mall where she was approached by a man who told her that someone had been trying to break into her automobile. She thought that he was a police officer. The man asked her to accompany him to the car to see if anything was missing. Upon reaching the car the girl looked in and determined nothing was missing. He eventually asked her if she could go to the station to make a complaint.

Later at a lineup, she identified the appellant as her assailant immediately upon his entering the room because of, among other things, his manner of walking. She also observed that at the time of the offense he was wearing dark patent leather shoes, and that he was slim, weighing about 160 pounds, had greased back hair, and had a dark mustache. She walked with the man to a nearby laundromat and when the man could not get in, she became suspicious and asked to see an ID. The man produced a wallet with a badge inside. She then got into his car, which she descibed as a white or beige Volkswagen with a rip on the top of the backseat. They drove a couple of blocks to a school where appellant abruptly stopped. When the girl nervously asked him what he was doing, the man grabbed her left arm and forcefully placed a pair of handcuffs on it. She grabbed the door on her side, managed to open it and get one foot out. The man grabbed her by the arm and around the neck. She kept screaming. He then pulled out a gun, pointed it at her, and said he was "going to blow her head off." She managed to get out of the car but the man pursued her. They struggled outside the vehicle as she tried to free herself. She felt what she thought was a crowbar in his right hand. She recalled scratching the assailant during the fighting because she remembered noticing that all her fingernails were broken. She finally succeeded in breaking away, and ran into the street, the handcuffs still dangling from her arm. She managed to get a car to stop for her and they drove her directly to the police station.

Approximately nine months after the assault, at 2:30 a. m. on August 16, 1975, Bundy was driving his Volkswagen in a residential area. When a Utah Highway Patrol officer approached, Bundy took off at a high rate of speed with his headlights off. The officer stopped him and observed a crowbar in the back floorboard of the Volkswagen. Bundy consented to a search and a pair of handcuffs and the crowbar were found inside.

At first, Bundy told officers that he had been to a movie and then had gone for a drive. He later told them that the reason he had sped away was because he was "smoking dope" and did not want to be caught doing something illegal. His final version of the events of that evening was that he was eating dinner and watching television until 12:00 midnight or 12:30 a. m., at which time he decided to visit a friend. Upon arriving at his friend's house, he noticed the lights were out. He decided not to awaken her and proceeded to drive around for a while, ending up in the Granger area where he decided to smoke some dope.

Bundy v. State, 455 So.2d 330 (Fla. 1984) (Chi Omega Sorority)

This cause is before the Court on appeal from a circuit court judgment adjudicating Theodore Robert Bundy guilty of two counts of first-degree murder, three counts of attempted first-degree murder, and two counts of burglary. For the two crimes of first-degree murder the trial judge imposed sentences of death.

During the early morning hours of Sunday, January 15, 1978, an intruder entered the Chi Omega sorority house, adjacent to the campus of Florida State University in Tallahassee, and brutally attacked four women residing there. Margaret Bowman and Lisa Levy were killed, and Kathy Kleiner and Karen Chandler sustained serious injuries. Within approximately an hour of the attacks in the Chi Omega house, an intruder entered another home nearby and attacked a woman residing there, Cheryl Thomas. All five women were university students. All were bludgeoned repeatedly with a blunt weapon.

The evidence that was placed before the jury at the trial established the following facts. On January 7, 1978, appellant rented a room at The Oak, a rooming house near the Florida State University campus. One week later, during the evening hours of Saturday, January 14, Bundy was seen in a barroom adjacent to the campus and next door to the Chi Omega sorority house. Three women testified that they were in the bar that night, and two of them identified appellant as having been there.

At approximately 3:00 a.m. on Sunday, January 15, 1978, Chi Omega house resident Nita Neary arrived home from a date and entered the house by the back door. She proceeded toward the front entrance hall of the house, where the main stairway was located. While moving through the house toward this front entrance hall, she heard the sounds of someone running down the stairs. When she arrived at the front entrance hall, Ms. Neary saw a man standing at the front door. The man held a club in his right hand, had his left hand on the doorknob, and was in the process of leaving the house. Ms. Neary saw a right-side profile of the man's face. She was able to look at him for several seconds before he left.
Nita Neary described the man to her roommate wearing light-colored pants, a dark jacket, and a skiing cap, had a protruding nose, and carried a large stick with cloth tied around it. Beating victim Karen Chandler then came out of her room. They discovered Lisa Levy and Margaret Bowman had been killed; Karen Chandler and Kathy Kleiner had been severely beaten. The surviving victims were attacked in their sleep and could not describe their attacker.

Lisa Levy and Margaret Bowman were killed by strangulation after receiving severe beatings with a length of a tree branch used as a club. Margaret Bowman's skull was crushed and literally laid open. The attacker also bit Lisa Levy with sufficient intensity to leave indentations which could clearly be identified as human bite marks. In the course of their investigation police technicians made numerous photographs of the bite on the victim's body.

While the police were taking statements and searching for evidence at the Chi Omega house, another attack was taking place only a few blocks away. Police later discovered a severely beaten Cheryl Thomas lying in her bed. She had been attacked in her sleep and could not describe or identify her attacker.

At approximately 5:00 a.m. on Sunday, January 15, two men who knew Bundy saw him standing in front of the rooming house where they lived. One week later, Ms. Neary was placed under hypnosis and questioned. In April, 1978, Neary selected the photo of Bundy from a photographic array, and positively identified him at trial.

Bundy was arrested in Pensacola on February 15, 1978 under the following circumstances. At about 1:30 a.m. on February 15, a Pensacola police officer stopped the car being operated by Bundy and attempted to arrest him for car theft. As the officer tried to handcuff Bundy, he struck the officer and fled. The officer fired at Bundy, then pursued, overtook, and subdued him.

A forensic hair and fiber analyst testified that she removed several human head hairs from the knotted pantyhose found in Cheryl Thomas' room and subjected them to microscopic examination and comparison with sample hairs from the head of Bundy. The expert concluded that the human hairs found on the pantyhose had the same characteristics as Bundy's and could have come from him.

There was also testimony from two forensic dental experts who testified concerning analysis of the bite mark left on the body of Lisa Levy. The experts both expressed to the jury their opinion that the indentations on the victim's body were left by the unique teeth of Bundy.

Bundy v. State, 71 So.2d 9 (Fla. 1985) (Victim: Kimberly Leach)

This is an appeal by Theodore Robert Bundy from his conviction in Orange County on a change of venue of first-degree murder and from the trial judge's imposition of the death sentence after the jury had recommended death.

On February 9, 1978, Kimberly Leach, age 12, was reported missing from her junior high school in Lake City, Florida. Two months later, after a large scale search, the Leach girl's partially decomposed body was located in a wooded area near the Suwanee River, Suwanee County, Florida. The victim was a junior high school student taken at her Lake City Junior High School 9 and 10 am on February 9, 1978. Her deteriorated body was found in a hog pen approximately 45 miles from the scene of abduction on April 7, 1978. The victim died of homicidal violence to the neck region of the body. At the time the body was found it was unclothed except for a pullover shirt around the neck. There were semen stains in the crotch of her panties found near the body.

The events and evidence leading to the investigation, trial, and conviction of Bundy are as follows: On February 15, 1978, Bundy was arrested in Pensacola, Florida, after fleeing from a stop made by an officer whose suspicions had been aroused. At that time Bundy identified himself to the officer as one Kenneth Misner. Over the next several days Bundy was extensively interviewed by officers from the Pensacola and Tallahassee Police Departments and the Leon County Sheriff's Office. During this time he revealed his true identity. It was learned that Bundy was wanted for escape and homicide in Colorado and was a suspect in thirty-six sex-related murders in the northwest United States. During these interviews and thereafter, Bundy also became the prime suspect in the January 1978 murders of the Chi Omega Sorority members in Tallahassee. Later Bundy was indicted, convicted, and sentenced to death for the Chi Omega murders.
The state offered the testimony of two Lake City Holiday Inn employees and the state's handwriting expert, John McCarthy. These witnesses established that Bundy had registered at the Lake City Holiday Inn on February 8, 1978, under another name.
Prior to Bundy's indictment on July 21, 1978, for the Leach murder and kidnapping, only one witness placed Bundy and the white van at the scene of the Lake City Junior High School on the morning of February 9, 1978. Chuck Edenfield, a school crossing guard at the junior high school, testified that he saw a man whom he identified as Bundy driving a white van in front of the school. The state's one eyewitness to the abduction of Kimberly Leach was Clarence Anderson. On July 18, 1978, Anderson reported to the Lake City Police Department that the profile of a person he had seen on a television newscast bore a striking resemblance to the man that he had observed with a girl near the Lake City Junior High School several months earlier. Assistant State Attorney Dekle asked Anderson to undergo hypnosis to refresh his memory. Anderson agreed and was hypnotized twice. Thereafter, he stated that on February 9, 1978, he noticed a man leading a young girl into a white van near the Lake City Junior High School. Anderson identified the young girl as Kimberly Leach and the man in the van as Theodore Bundy.

MediaHouse International

"What We Learned from Ted Bundy," by Leilani Corpus. (March 1989)

STARKE, FL (FR) — He was once an assistant director of the Seattle Crime Prevention advisory committee and even wrote a pamphlet instructing women on rape prevention. A one-time Boy Scout with a promising career in Washington state politics, Ted Bundy appeared to be an example of a good, upstanding citizen. But behind the congenial facade lurked a force which landed him in an electric chair in January of this year.

In the last few hours prior to his widely-publicized execution for the murder of as many as 50 young women and girls from Utah, Washington, Idaho, Colorado and Florida, the serial killer asked Christian psychologist James Dobson to visit him at the Florida State Prison. Bundy had corresponded with Dr. Dobson — a former member of President Reagan's Commission on Pornography — for two years prior to their meeting. While anxious reporters waited outside, Bundy told Dobson about the influence of pornography on his behavior.

Bundy said he began casually reading soft-core pornography when he was 12 or 13 years old. His friends found pornographic books in the garbage cans in his neighborhood: "(F)rom time to time we would come across pornographic books of a harder nature ... a more graphic, explicit nature than we would encounter at the local grocery store," he told Dobson in the taped interview. "But slowly throughout the years reading pornography began to become a deadly habit.
"My experience with pornography ... is once you become addicted to it, (and I look at this as a kind of addiction like other kinds of addiction), I would keep looking for more potent, more explicit, more graphic kinds of material. Like an addiction, you keep craving something that is harder, something which gives you a greater sense of excitement. Until you reach a point where the pornography only goes so far, you reach that jumping off point where you begin to wonder if maybe actually doing it would give you that which is beyond just reading or looking at it."
Within a few years, those latent desires fueled by pornography were expressed through his first murder. Although Bundy said he did not blame pornography, he explained that pornographic materials shaped and molded his behavior. He also warned the nation that "the most damaging kinds of pornography ... are those that involve violence and sexual violence. Because the wedding of those two forces, as I know only too well, brings out the hatred that is just, just too terrible to describe."

Bundy said that pornography "snatched me out of my home 20, 30 years ago ... and pornography can reach out and snatch a kid out of any house today." His religious training and morality initially restrained him from acting out his fantasies, but he confessed that finally, "I couldn't hold back anymore." Alcohol supposedly broke the restraints for him to commit his first murder. "What alcohol did in conjunction with exposure to pornography is (sic) alcohol reduced my inhibitions at the same time the fantasy life that was fueled by pornography eroded them further."

While committing the murders, Bundy said he felt as if he was possessed by "something ... awful and alien. There is just absolutely no way to describe first the brutal urge to do that kind of thing, and then what happens is once it has been more or less satisfied and recedes, you might say, or spent, that energy level recedes and basically I become myself again."
"But basically I was a normal person. I wasn't some guy hanging out at bars or a bum. I wasn't a pervert in the sense that people look at somebody and say, 'I know there is something wrong with him, you can just tell.' I was essentially a normal person," Bundy told Dobson. "The basic humanity and the basic spirit that God gave me was intact, but unfortunately became overwhelmed at times."

Ted Bundy acknowledged that he deserved the death penalty, even though there were anti-death penalty demonstrators outside his prison cell up until the moment of his execution. "I deserve the most extreme punishment society has," he said. "But I don't want to die, I kid you not."
Dobson said that Bundy wept several times during the interview: "He expressed great regret, remorse for what he had done, for the families that were hurting." He spent his last night in prayer with a minister from Gainesville, Florida.

Bundy's last words of confession and warning about pornography are an echo of statistics, research, and reports conducted within the last decade about the link between pornography and sexually violent crime. Unfortunately, many of the warnings in those reports still have not been heeded, and pornography has been taken for granted or considered a necessary evil.
According to a study conducted by a group of psychologists, Neil Malamuth of UCLA, Gene Abel of Columbia University, and William Marshall of Kingston Penitentiary, various forms of pornography can elicit fantasies which may lead to crime. Out of a test group of 18 rapists studied who used 'consenting pornography' to instigate a sexual offence, seven of them said that it provided a cue to elicit fantasies of forced sex.

A study released by the University of New Hampshire has proven that the states which have the highest readership of pornographic magazines such as Playboy and Penthouse also have the highest rape rates. The Michigan State Police department found that pornography is used or imitated in 41 percent of the sex crimes they have investigated.

The Free Congress Research and Education Foundation discovered that half of all rapists studied used soft core pornography to arouse themselves prior to seeking out a victim. Although researchers and media analysts may ballyhoo the impact of soft core pornography — claiming protection under the free speech provision of the Constitution — mounting evidence seems to be favoring a national crackdown on porn as a necessary means to stop crime.

In recent years, as more of this type of research has been published, significant gains have been made against pornographers as major retailers have removed porn from their shelves. Ted Bundy's confessions to Dr. James Dobson — a leader of the largest segment of pro-family forces in the U.S. — promises to fuel the nationwide efforts being made on the state and local levels to eliminate the pornography problem.

Love and Dates

THEODORE ROBERT BUNDY

Ted Bundy, over the course of his 42 years, would be known by many names, and would kill and harm many women. Friends described him as handsome, charming, and smart. To his girlfriends, he was romantic and tender. To his victims, he was a nightmare.

Ted Bundy was illegitimately born in 1946 to Louise Cowell. She married John Bundy in 1951, and Ted then had a father. Ted started dating Leslie Holland in 1965, and fell in love. She got tired of him, and broke it off in 1967. After the painful breakup, Bundy went into politics, and worked with many campaigns. He met back with Leslie, and they were engaged. Bundy left her in 1974, saying he just wanted to prove he could get even.

Ted Bundy murdered many women starting in 1974. There is speculation as to how many women he killed. Anywhere between 30 and 40 is what he claimed.

On January 4, 1974, Bundy murdered Lynda Ann Healy in her basement apartment, and six weeks later, he murdered Donna Mason while she was on her way to a jazz concert. Most of the women he murdered had a resemblance to his former fiance, Leslie Holland. Bundy's next love interest was Beth Archer, whom he met in a bar. At the same time he was with Beth, he was engaged to Leslie Holland.

Bundy got daring on July 14, 1974, when he murdered two women from Lake Sammamish State Park. Janice Ott and Denise Naslund were his victims that day. Ted preyed on women's caring, and sometimes wore a cast on his arm to get women to help him. He did this on that particular weekend. Not only could he murder at night, but he was becoming comfortable enough to kill more than one person, and during the day.
Bundy was finally captured for the first time on August 16, 1974. Sergeant Robert Hayward pulled Bundy's gray Volkswagon bug over because of speeding. The Sergeant found an ice pick, crowbar, a ski mask, a mask made of pantyhose, some rope and a pair of handcuffs. Hayward suspected him of burglary, and had no idea he just captured a serial killer.

Bundy's name had been mentioned to police by citizens earlier when the murders occurred, but no one paid attention to him, since he had no record, and was clean-cut and professional. When Bundy was brought in, homicide detective Jerry Thompson connected Bundy's name with a case involving Carol DaRonch, who was assaulted by a clean-cut man in a gray Volkswagon, who had used handcuffs on her. The pieces were beginning to fall into place.
Thompson worked hard to link Bundy with the DaRonch case. With the help of Beth Archer, Bundy's lover, he found out he had a crowbar, a bad temper, plaster of paris (for the casts), and looked through some of Bundy's credit card receipts. The receipts showed he purchased gas the same days and places as some of the murders.

Bundy went on trial on February 23, 1976 in Salt Lake city. He was found guilty of aggrevated kidnapping, and was to go for psychiatric exams. On June 7, 1977, Bundy escaped through an open window in the courthouse. He headed south, and was picked up two days later. A week later, he again escaped from his cell, and had a 17 hour headstart on the police.

Bundy headed to Tallahassee, Florida, and stalked the Florida State University campus. On January 14, Bundy murdered two women and gravely injured two more at the Chi Omega sorority house. Karen Chandler and Kathy Kleiner were badly beaten by Bundy, but survived. The other two weren't as lucky. Lisa Levy was murdered and violated, her right nipple almost bitten off, and she had a savage bite mark on her left buttock, which was used in court to convict Bundy. Margaret Bowman was also murdered. Her skull was shattered and a stocking was tied very tightly around her neck. Bundy also attacked Cheryl Thomas that evening, fracturing her skull in five places, but she managed to survive. Bundy's last victim was 12 year old Kimberly Leach. He left her body to decompose in an abandoned hog shed. Bundy was recaptured on February 15.

Testimony of Carl DaRonch and Kathy Kleiner helped to convict Bundy. Bundy's gray VW was also a convicting factor. The teeth marks Bundy left in Lisa Levy's flesh, which matched a plaster impression of Bundy's teeth, had a big effect on the jury. On July 23, 1979, after six hours of deliberation, the jury convicted Bundy on two counts of first-degree murder in the Chi Omega sorority slayings. He got another death sentence for the murder of 12 year old Kimberly Leach. Bundy was taken to death row. Bundy's confessions finally came out, and left everyone in disgust. He talked about clubbing his victims to death, sexually violating them and strangling them.

Bundy was electrocuted in February 1989. It seemed that Bundy got what was coming to him...his executioner was a woman.

FBI Files — Freedom of Information Act — Theodore Robert Bundy (257 pages)
The FBI conducted fugitive investigations when Theodore Robert Bundy escaped from a Colorado courthouse in June, 1977, where he was on trial for murder. He was recaptured and again escaped in December, 1977, from the Garfield County Jail, Colorado. Bundy was wanted for questioning in as many as 36 similar rape-murders in Colorado, Oregon, Utah, Florida and Washington. He was placed on the FBI's "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" list and was arrested under an alias in February, 1978, by local authorities in Florida for a stolen car violation. The FBI positively identified the subject to be Ted Bundy. In 1979, he was sentenced to death for the January, 1978, murders of two Florida State University sorority sisters and ultimately was executed.

APBOnline: The G-Files

Subject: Theodore Robert Bundy

Summary: From 1974 to 1978, serial killer Ted Bundy terrorized young women throughout Colorado, Florida, Utah and Washington and claimed the lives of several dozen in vicious sexual assaults and killings.

Puttering about in a Volkswagen Beetle and using such ruses as feigning a broken arm to seek help from women — specifically those with dark hair with center parts — he would lead his victims into his car and to their death. Eventually, he was convicted of aggravated kidnapping after one of his victims escaped. During one of his prison escapes, he killed again. Eventually his bite marks, blood and body fluids found at some murder scenes cemented a guilty verdict, and Bundy was sentenced to death by electrocution.

After many appeals, he was executed on Jan. 24, 1989, for the death of his youngest — and last — victim, Kimberly Leach, 12.

These FBI files are heavily redacted, and many pages were withheld in their entirety. However, the news clippings of the time and the bulletins tracking his escapes, as well as his wanted poster and several internal law enforcement documents, provide insight into several key incidents.
Summary: On June 7, 1977, Bundy, having just been convicted in the aggravated kidnapping of Carol Daronch in Salt Lake City, was allowed to roam around the Aspen, Colo., courthouse to prepare his defense in connection with a first-degree murder charge. He leaped out of a second-floor window and fled into the nearby mountains, leaving behind several layers of clothing he had piled on in the warm June weather. About a week later, he was spotted driving erratically due to lack of sleep and was arrested.
Summary: On Dec. 31, 1977, after losing 30 pounds, he shimmied through a small hole in the ceiling of his cell used to hold a light fixture and climbed into the crawl space. He then dropped down into an unoccupied jailer's apartment and sauntered out the front door, once again a free man. This freedom run claimed at least three lives.
Summary: On March 31, 1978, Bundy, using the identification of a college track star, is arrested for the last time.

The Why Files: Ted Bundy Handwriting