Death Penalty Links

PRO-DEATH PENALTY LINKS

Pro-Death Penalty.Com (Justice For All)
A comprehensive pro-death penalty site with articles, links, and up-to-date death penalty info and news. Wesley Lowe's Pro-Death Penalty Homepage
Thoughtful pro-death penalty essay addressing arguments re: deterrence, cost, racism, DP vs LWOP, morality, christianity, constitutionality, and risk of wrongful executions. Clark County Indiana Prosecuting Attorney
Comprehensive information on the Death Penalty in Indiana, including statistics, executions since 1900, current death row (with photos), Indiana death penalty laws, history, and methods of execution, with factual and legal summaries of all death penalty cases since 1977; Up-to-date information on the Death Penalty in the United States; Over 1500 death penalty links arranged by subject, including 100 pro-death penalty links. The Bible's Teaching on Capital Punishment by Logos Christian Resources.
Online ministry with citations from Old and New Testament supporting Capital Punishment, David L. Brown Th.M. (1992) AIM Report: The Death Penalty Saves Lives. (August A 2000)
Well written essay from Accuracy in Media Editor, Reed Irvine, responding to recent media and political "events" from a pro-death penalty point of view. Includes: Fewer Executions, More Murders; Agenda Of The Major Media; Targeting Bush; Flawed Study; The Clinton-Gore Record; Nullification Tactics; Hollywood's Contribution; The Murder Capital; O.J. And Hurricane Notes. The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense (PBS Frontline)
Scholarly defense of capital punishment by Ernest van den Haag, Professor of Jurisprudence and Public Policy, Fordham University. (1986) "The Death Penalty: A Defence," by David Anderson. (1998)
17 arguments for the death penalty; Answers to arguments against the death penalty; The death penalty and the Bible; Published in Sweden and recently translated. Criminal Justice Legal Foundation.
A California-based nonprofit public interest law organization dedicated to restoring a balance between the rights of crime victims and the criminally accused. Includes summaries of recent cases of interest in California, U.S. Court of Appeals, and U.S. Supreme Court, with index of amicus curiae briefs filed by CJLF. Gallup Poll showing 65% - 27% in favor of Death Penalty (May 10-14, 2001)
Public Opinion Supports Death Penalty - The Gallup Organization, Princeton, NJ. Gallup Poll showing 66% - 28% in favor of Death Penalty (February 14-15, 2000)
"Support for Death Penalty Drops to Lowest Level in 19 Years, Although Still High at 66%. Widespread agreement, even among those who favor it, that innocent people sometimes get death penalty," by Frank Newport. (In Favor or Oppose DP? DP or LWOP? Imposed Too Often or Not Enough? Has Innocent Person Ever Been Sentenced to Death?) The Gallup Organization, Princeton, NJ More blacks are backing capital punishment now: Fears escalate even as crime rates drop.
Detroit News article by Wayne Woolley (October 11, 1996), describing the increase in black support for the death penalty from 40% in 1974 to 57% in 1996, according to polls taken by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. Capital Punishment: Life or Death.
Research papers on Capital Punishment written by University of Texas students, both pro and con, from Tonya. (1996) "Prosecutors vs. Journalists: The Gloves Are Off," by Michael Miner. (Chicago Reader June 9, 2000)
A column giving a critical reply to the Chicago Tribune series of articles, "Trial and Error," spotlighting the response of the National District Attorneys Association and Oregon Prosecutor Joshua Marquis. Death Penalty Debate. (Fayette County, Kentucky Commonwealth Attorney Ray Larsen)
Office website with excerpts of pro-death penalty articles and argument, including: Opinion polls show that Europeans and Canadians favor the death penalty almost as much as Americans; The Death Penalty: A Careful Response To Heinous Acts; Justice Department Study Concludes No Racial Or Ethnic Bias In The Federal Application Of Death Penalty; Does The Death Penalty Save Innocent Lives?, The Myth Of Racism In Death Penalty; Death Penalty Opponents Apply Flawed Logic; Liebman's Death Penalty "Study" Not Accurate; Nuns To Ring Church Bells When Murderers Executed. As usual, no bells for the innocent victims. The Anti-Death Penalty Movement has Failed.
Interesting and thorough essay written by a strong opponent of Capital Punishment, Defense Attorney Andrew Hammel, who flatly states that the anti-DP movement has failed and offers suggestions on how to get it back on the right track: Admit failure and take responsibility for it; Avoid bogus claims of innocence; Do not make martyrs or heroes out of death row inmates; De-emphasize demonstrations; Don't rely on the law, our main focus should be on changing public opinion first. A Response to the Bedau and Radelet Study (Justice For All)
Excerpt from Justice For All pro-death penalty article "Death Penalty and Sentencing Information," responding to the Bedau and Radelet Study on the risk of wrongful execution. (10/01/97) Race, Sentencing, and the Death Penalty (Justice For All)
Excerpt from Justice For All pro-death penalty article "Death Penalty and Sentencing Information," thoroughly addressing the alleged racism in the administration of the death penalty in the United States. (10/01/97) Incapacitation and Deterrent Effects of the Death Penalty (Justice For All)
Excerpt from Justice For All pro-death penalty article "Death Penalty and Sentencing Information," thoroughly addressing the general and specific deterrent effects of the death penalty in the United States. (10/01/97) The Costs of LWOP versus the Death Penalty (Justice For All)
Excerpt from Justice For All pro-death penalty article "Death Penalty and Sentencing Information," thoroughly addressing the financial costs of the death penalty as opposed to life imprisonment without parole in the United States. (10/01/97) Christianity and the Death Penalty (Justice For All)
Excerpt from Justice For All pro-death penalty article "Death Penalty and Sentencing Information," thoroughly addressing religion and the death penalty, with significant Biblical citations and references, and commentary from Justice For All. (10/01/97) Gary Graham (Texas) and the Anti-Death Penalty Movement: A Case Study Of Lies (Justice For All)
"Hollywood, Murder, and Texas - Death Row Inmate Gary Graham and the Anti-Death Penalty Movement: A Case Study of Lies, Half-Truths and Intimidation." (1994) Thorough Justice For All article detailing the fraud of Hollywood and the "movement," and their campaign of disinformation. The Death Penalty in Black and White by Dudley Sharp (Justice For All)
Thorough article from Dudley Sharp (Justice For All), published in the weekly E-Zine IntellectualCapital.Com, addressing the alleged bias and racism in the administration of the death penalty in the United States. (June 1999) The Risk of Wrongful Execution of the Innocent (Wesley Lowe)
Excerpt from Pro-Death Penalty article, addressing the risk of executing the innocent. (10/01/99) "Defining Innocence," by Dudley Sharp. (The Record Online, Letter to Editor November 19, 1999.
Short letter questioning the exaggerated claims of Death Penalty opponents, regarding the number of factually "innocent" death row inmates. (10/01/99) "The Last Guys Proved Innocent," by Ann Coulter. (Jewish World Review June 27, 2000)
Short commentary on the 1980's fraud perpetrated by the anti-death penalty forces through the Bedau and Radelet study of innocents executed, with the willing assistance of the media, and the response by Markman and Cassell. "Viewpoint: Evidence that Innocent are Executed Doesn’t Exist," by Robert V. Pambianco. (Evansville Courier July 5, 2000)
Short news article pointing out that while we have heard noise about the death penalty, we have not heard of any case where an innocent person has been executed. "The Guilty and the Innocent," by Paul G. Cassell. (Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy Spring 1999)
An examination of alleged cases of wrongful conviction from false confessions, from Paul G. Cassell, a University of Utah law professor, emerging as one of the few spokesmen to challenge the anti-death penalty movement. Statement of Paul G. Cassell on Claims of Innocence in Capital Cases. (House of Representatives July 23, 1993)
Full statement of Paul G. Cassell, Associate Law Professor at the University of Utah, given to the Committee on the Judiciary, United States House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights, concerning claims of innocence in capital cases. ". . . the risk to innocent life from failing to carry out capital sentences imposed under contemporary safeguards far outweighs the speculative and remote risk that an execution might be in error. An Analysis of the Death Penalty Information Center "Innocence List." (ProDeathPenalty.Com 2000)
The DPIC report claiming 87 innocents released from feath row has been accepted as definitive. However, when its premises and sources are examined, it becomes clear that the DPIC has vastly misled the public and overstated the problem. This article explains that many cases of allegedly innocent defendants should be eliminated from the DPIC list. "Innocence and the Death Penalty." by Dudley Sharp. (ProDeathPenalty.Com April 16, 2000)
Short article distinguishing between the factually innocent and the legally innocent, from Dudley Sharp, Justice For All, Director of Death Penalty Resources. "Are Innocent People Being Executed In The U.S.?" (National Center for Policy Analysis)
Abstract of article by Eugene H. Methvin, "Death Penalty Is Fairer Than Ever," Wall Street Journal, May 10, 2000. "Death Penalty Guards What is Valued Most," by Dennis Prager. (Milwaukee Journal June 9, 2001)
Excellent editorial appearing in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel and Los Angeles Times written by talk show host Dennis Prager. (The dilemma of death penalty opponents about the execution of Timothy McVeigh) Life Without Parole is Not Good Enough to Insure Public Safety. (Wesley Lowe)
Excerpt from Pro-Death Penalty article, addressing LWOP as an unacceptable alternative to the death penalty. (10/01/99) "Once a Murderer . . ." (ProDeathPenalty.Com June 28, 2000)
News reports showing specific examples of murderers who were allowed to murder again. The Morality of Capital Punishment. (Wesley Lowe)
Excerpt from Pro-Death Penalty article, addressing the morality and philosophy of the death penalty. (10/01/99) "The Death Penalty: Morally Defensible?" by Casey Carmical.
Essay from "Casey's Critical Thinking," answering moral arguments against the death penalty, including a critical response to the well-worn slogan "Why do we kill people to teach people that killing is wrong?" Habeas Corpus, A Much-Needed Reform," by Andrew Peyton Thomas. (National Review May 4, 1998)
Magazine article from a former Assistant Arizona Attorney General. "A much-needed reform seemed poised to hasten executions, until federal judges got their hands on it." Racism and Capital Punishment (Wesley Lowe)
Excerpt from Pro-Death Penalty article, addressing alleged racism in the application of the death penalty. (10/01/99) Rebutting Cliched Arguments Against Capital Punishment. (Wesley Lowe)
Excerpt from Pro-Death Penalty article, rebutting cliched arguments against capital punishment. (10/01/99) "Does Capital Punishment Have a Deterrent Effect?" (Emory University Department of Economics January 2001)
Scholarly research paper from economics professors at Emory University, Hashem Dezhbakhsh, Paul Rubin, and Joanna Mehlhop Sheperd, suggesting that the death penalty has a strong deterrent effect. "An increase in any of the three probabilities - arrest, sentencing, or execution - tends to reduce the crime rate. In particular, each execution results, on average, in 18 fewer murders-with a margin of error of plus and minus 10. Tests show that results are not driven by “tough” sentencing laws." Unlike many similar studies, this research is based mainly upon new data from post-1976 information. The Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment (Wesley Lowe)
Excerpt from Pro-Death Penalty article, addressing the deterrent effects of capital punishment. (10/01/99) "Deterrence Value," by David Perlmutter. (Dallas Morning News January 1, 2000)
The death penalty is not a "penalty" when legal retribution lags until decades after the crime. If you don't agree, then try the following experiment: The next time your 5-year-old pours molasses on the family cat, tell him that as a deterrent to future bad behavior you will take away his stereo upon his graduation from college. No punishment deters if it is unconnected to the crime in time and space. Deterrence: Death Penalty Information - High School Curriculum. (Michigan State Univ)
Short summary of arguments, pro and con, on the issue of deterrence. Executing the Innocent: Death Penalty Information - High School Curriculum. (Michigan State Univ)
Short summary of arguments, pro and con, on the issue of wrongful convictions and executing the innocent. Capital Punishment and its Cost (Wesley Lowe)
Excerpt from Pro-Death Penalty article, addressing the financial costs of the death penalty. (10/01/99) "Anarchism and Capital Punishment" a short essay by Benjamin R. Tucker (1926)
Excerpts from the book, "Individual Liberty: Selections From the Writings of Benjamin R. Tucker." While not "pro-death penalty," Tucker does address and condemn the often-repeated statement from opponents of the death penalty, that executions by the state equates with murder. (1926) Guest Comment: "Don't Know Much About Calculus," by William Tucker. (National Review September 22, 2000)
Comment on the New York Times continuance of the ugly tradition by death penalty opponents concluding that there is no deterrence because no-death states have a lower homicide rate. In fact, even the Times own graphs show that homicides have declined much more sharply in states with the death penalty than without. What is needed is high school calculus. Pro-Death Penalty News from DPINFO.COM.
A collection of articles and editorials from Dudley Sharp, Director of Death Penalty Resources at Justice for All. "Death Penalty Study Ripped," by Teresa Stepzinski. (Jacksonville Times June 23, 2000)
A nationwide study revealing serious errors in many Florida and Georgia death penalty cases has prosecutors on the defensive, arguing that the report shows a bias against capital punishment."These statistics are an attempt by a certain group to try to make brutal murderers out as victims of the system, . . . Currie, a prosecutor for 20 years, characterized the study as little more than propaganda for death penalty opponents. "Death on Hold" by Dudley Sharp (Ft. Worth Star-Telegram.Com February 5, 2000)
Editorial by Dudley Sharp of Justice for All on the question: In the wake of the Illinois moratorium on executions, should Texas consider something similar? "The Death of Death," by Byron York. (The American Spectator April 2000)
"Death penalty abolitionists could never get the public to support their cause - until they came up with a new way to sell their product." Excellent article exposing some of the supposed "exonerations" leading to a moratorium in Illinois, and the money behind the movement in the MacArthur Justice Center in Chicago. MurderVictims.Com
A victims resource from "Justice For All," serving as a memorial to the many innocent victims of violent crime and a source for murder statistics, news items, discussion and information. Places the focus back on the victim instead of the perpetrator. Victim survivors can come here to find help, ask questions, give and get advice. "The Costs of Capital Punishment and the Cost of Life Imprisonment," by Lila Hoffman-Thome.
Short editorial on the exhorbitant costs of Life Without Parole at pookas.com. (August 9,1996). A Letter to Missouri Governor Carnahan On The Pardon of Darrell Mease.
A thoughtful letter by Charlene Hall (Justice For all) written to Missouri Governor Carnahan after the commutation of sentence for death row inmate Darrell Mease upon the visit by Pope John Paul II to St. Louis. The Wall Street Journal: In Support of the Death Penalty
Articles from the Wall Street Journal: "Why the Death Penalty Is Fair" by Walter Berns and Joseph Bessette, January 9, 1998; "Why the Unabomber Must Die" by James Tarant, January 6, 1998. National Center For Policy Analysis: Idea House (Dallas/Washington 1997)
Series of Pro-Death Penalty articles, including: Death Penalty Report Widely Misinterpreted; Death-Penalty Opponents Seize On "Underage"; Condemned Prisoners Opting To Die; Myth Of Racism In Death Penalty; Executions And Death Sentences Trailing Off; Upholding The Death Penalty; Death Penalty Questioned; Even With Death Penalty, Most Killers Walk; Capital Punishment Saves Lives; Race & Capital Punishment ; Enlarging the Death Penalty. John Stuart Mill - "In Favor of Capital Punishment" (1868)
1868 speech in English Parliament by John Stuart Mill opposing proposed abolition of death penalty in England. Capital Punishment: A Death Penalty Study Outline
Detailed pro-death penalty study outline by Gary Henry from Brasstacks Bible Studies (1999) Death in Venice: Europe's Death Penalty Elitism. (New Republic Online July 31, 2000)
Opinion polls show that Europeans and Canadians crave executions almost as much as their American counterparts do. It's just that their politicians don't listen to them. In other words, if these countries' political cultures are morally superior to America's, it's because they're less democratic. "Capital Punishment in Europe is More Popular Than Its Politicians Admit," by Anthony J. Blinken. (TimeEurope May 21, 2001)
Europeans crave executions almost as much as their American counterparts, it's just that their politicians don't listen to them. In other words, if these countries' political cultures are morally superior to America's, it is because they are less democratic. Is Capital Punishment Sanctioned by Divine Authority?
Long, pro-death penalty essay, heavy on philosophy and religion, by Alexander Campbell of the Restoration Movement (1846). "Death Penalty Serves Justice to Victims," by John Hart.
Short pro-death penalty essay by Kansas State student John Hart published in student newspaper. (1995) "Execution Pace No Cause for Alarm." (Oklahoman Editorial January 22, 2001)
Short Pro-Death Penalty editorial. "Moratorium supporters aren't really interested in a temporary halt to executions. They want the practice stopped for all time. We believe they're counting on a moratorium to act as a catalyst for a permanent execution ban." (Reposted by "Against the Death Penalty") Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime?
Short Pro-Death Penalty essay on the positive deterrent effect of capital punishment with a moral that you can twist statistics to prove almost anything. By Jay Johansen. (1998) Privatizing Capital Punishment.
A short response to an anti-death penalty editorial by the New Australian. (February 1988) On Capital Punishment: Is the State No Better Than the Murderer?
Excellent short essay answering the often-repeated ACLU theme that when the State executes a murderer, it is no better than the murderer. By Jay Johansen. (1995) "Objections to Capital Punishment Answered," by John A. Kohler, III.
Short biblical answers to common objections raised against capital punishment. (Morris Fork, West Virginia Baptist Church) "The Death Penalty: A Christian Defense," by Tom Flannery. (Christian.Com 2000)
As Paul wrote, governments have the moral authority and obligation to execute capital criminals (Rom. 13:1-4). The sooner we recognize this as a society, the better off we'll all be. "The Sword of the Revenger: The Biblical Basis For Capital Punishment," by Greg Loren Durand.
Lengthy and well-referenced pro-death penalty essay based upon the fundamentals of Christianity. (1995) "Throwing Stones," by Steve Merten.
Hundreds of biblical verses in support of Capital Punishment, interpreted by a self-described pro-capital punishment catholic. Top Misinterpretations of the Bible - Capital Punishment and the Death Penalty
Short biblical responses to the biblical arguments: "Thou shalt not kill" and "He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her" by The Founding Fathers. On Capital Punishment and the Death Penalty (Canada)
Canadian site from the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance with a good discussion of pro and con, with emphasis on religion and with links. Capital Punishment and Christianity (Wesley Lowe)
Thorough Pro-Death Penalty article with significant Biblical citations and references, with commentary from Wesley Lowe. The Pope Versus the Death Penalty by Fr. David C. Trosch. (1999)
Pro-Death Penalty essay criticizing the anti-death penalty policies of Pope John Paul II, with links and citations to the Sequential Authority Structure and the Catechism of the Catholic Church. "On Rights and Capital Punishment," by Russell Madden. (1996)
Response letter written to George H. Smith, author of an anti-death penalty article apperaring in Liberty Magazine, November 1996. Pro-Capital Punishment by Kerby Anderson of Probe Ministries International.
Thoughtful pro-death penalty essay addressing the arguments of abolitionists, with emphasis on religion by Kerby Anderson of Probe Ministries International. Mishpatim: On Delivering Punishment to Fit the Crime
Thoughts on the Torah and punishment by Rabbi Stephen Pearce, Jewish Bulletin of Northern California.(1996) Bring Back Capital Punishment (Canada)
Pro-Death Penalty Canadian site with links. "Lonely, Murderous Hearts on Death Row Seeking Love on the Net," by Robert Phillips. (APBNews February 9, 2000)
APBNews report on death row inmates, particularly in Arizona (Michael Correll) seeking pen pals on the Internet through free ads posted on the Web site of the Canadian Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. They're soliciting letters, they say, to pass time at Arizona State Prison. Others say they are scamming lonely women for money. Justice for Police Officer Daniel Faulkner (Victim of Mumia Abu Jamal)
Website dedicated to the Philadelphia Police Officer murdered by Mumia Abu Jamal, the prolific "journalist" convicted and sentenced to death in 1982, who has mounted an aggressive web campaign of disinformation. Facts from the trial and appeal are provided to dispel myths created by that campaign. Tribute to Police Officer Daniel Faulkner (Victim of Mumia Abu Jamal)
Website tribute to the Philadelphia Police Officer murdered by Mumia Abu Jamal, the prolific "journalist" convicted and sentenced to death in 1982, who has mounted an aggressive web campaign of disinformation. This site describes the fund raising tribute dinner in the officer's name, from Philadelphia attorney Michael A. Smerconish. What About Capital Punishment?
Short pro-death penalty biblical essay by Glenn Dunehew. The Death Penalty Debate by Bob Envart Live.
Detailed pro-death penalty biblical essay by conservative news/talk show host Bob Enyart. http://www.ShadowGov.com/reports/death.html "Capital Punishment, Justice Served" by Matthew D. Bartlett (Students for a Better America)
Short Pro-Death Penalty article, arguing that capital punishment is not just an option, but a necessity. From the University of Colorado Students for a Better America. Death Penalty Dialogue, Pro and Con, from Eric Zorn and Dudley Sharp. (Chicago Tribune June 2000)
Series of responding articles between anti-death penalty Chicago Tribune columnist and pro-death penalty Dudley Sharp from Justice for All. The Critical Justification for Society Imposing Punishment.
Very short statement with the thesis that all punishments are to keep society from falling into the belief that the only way they can get justice is to exact a personal revenge. (Gil Warren) The Washington Legal Foundation.
Pro-Death Penalty organization founded in 1977, whose primary mission is to defend and promote the principles of free enterprise and individual rights through advocacy of free-enterprise principles, limited government, property rights, and reform of the civil and criminal justice system. "The Death Penalty Dilemma," by Charles E. Rice. (The New American April 4, 1994)
The death penalty provides a means to restore respect for innocent life. "Deserving to Die," by Robert W. Lee. (The New American August 13, 1990)
Capital punishment protects the innocent and properly transfers burden of crime to the guilty. "Cruel and Unusual Leniency," by Robert W. Lee. (The New American August 30, 1990)
Opponents of capital punishment shed few tears for the many victims of judicial leniency. "Murders That Could Have Been Averted By Capital Punishment." (The New American August 30, 1990)
Very short statement with the thesis that all punishments are to keep society from falling into the belief that the only way they can get justice is to exact a personal revenge. (Gil Warren) "Death penalty: Still guilty," by Peter Bronson. (Cincinnati Enquirer.Com Sunday, June 18, 2000 )
Opinion article claiming that the worst opponents of capital punishment are not ethical. They ignore victims and make martyrs of murderers. They sabotage the system at taxpayer expense, then say executions are too costly. Defense lawyers salt the record with deliberate mistakes, then say the killer had a lousy defense. The latest twist looks like more of the same. "Death Penalty Error Study has Errors of Its Own." (Criminal Justice Legal Foundation June 19, 2000)
The study touted by anti-death penalty activists, claiming to show that American capital sentences are "fraught with error," is itself riddled with unjustified assumptions and false statements, according to CJLF. Columbia Study: "Alabama Doesn't Execute Innocent People," by Bill Pryor. (Huntsville Times July 4, 2000)
Opponents of capital punishment recently captured national attention with the release of a biased and flawed report. The report omits critical information and was designed to support the preordained conclusions of its authors. "OJ Was Proved Innocent," by Ann Coulter. (TownHall.Com June 30, 2000)
Conservative columnist Ann Coulter makes the point that the arguments against the death penalty are puffed up with phony statistics and false facts. Most recently capturing attention with reports of releases from death row. However, as the entire country ought to know after the O.J. trial, not being in prison doesn't mean you're innocent. "To Execute a Murderer: Gary Graham," by Evan Gahr. (American Spectator June 23, 2000)
Short article describing the whining attempts by the left and its standardbearers, Jesse Jackson, Alan Dershowitz, Geraldo Rivera, and Bianca Jagger, to short-circuit the execution of Gary Graham. "Surgical Effect of Death Penalty," by John F. McManus. (The New American August 13, 1990)
Analogous to amputation, capital punishment removes diseased members to protect society. "The Death Penalty - True Cause for Justice," by Cynthia G. Oberg. (May 4, 2000)
Short pro-death penalty essay, discussing cruel and unusual punishment, deterrence, cost and efficiency, and morality. "The Cure of Bloody Souls," by James L. Sauer. (The New American August 30, 1990)
Capital punishment is not only an act of justice; it is also an act of mercy, even for the executed. "Let the State's Decide," by Charles E. Rice. (The New American July 6, 1987)
Under the Constitution, it is up to the states to decide whether to have a death penalty. "Retribution is an Obligation," by Charles E. Rice. (The New American June 22, 1987)
Capital punishment is society's way of demonstrating respect for life. Enforce Death Sentences for Cold-Blooded Killers.
Pro-Death Penalty article by UCLA Political Science student, Aanand N. Patel for student newspapaer. (1996) Columbia Study: "Beyond the Game, Justice Gets Done," Commentary by John Webster. (Seattle Times June 16, 2000)
Short commentary lamenting how to criminal defense lawyers, trials and appeals are a game. Nevertheless, justice gets done. Party Platform of the British Democratic Dictatorship Party.
Platform strongly advocating the reinstitution of capital punishment in Britian to help with the crime problems of that country. "Why do we waste our country's money on paying for criminals to live in "hotels"? Why not execute those who have committed major crimes instead?" "South Africa: Capital Punishment, A Deterrent to Crime" by Jamiatul Ulama.
"The abolition of the death sentence along with the government's playing deaf to the pleas of ordinary crime-ridden, fear-stricken citizens of the country on this matter, has only exacerbated the already intolerable murder rate." (From the Council of Muslim Theologians)

BEST OF THE REST (ANTI-DEATH PENALTY)

Death Penalty Information Center
Probably the single most comprehensive and authoritative internet rersource on the death penalty, including hundreds of anti-death penalty articles, essays, and quotes on issues of deterrence, cost, execution of the innocent, racism, public opinion, women, juveniles, mentally retarded, and more; Statistics on death rows and executions state-by-state, inmate-by-inmate; Up-to-date death penalty news from around the country. (Unfortunately, this site makes absolutely no effort to present any pro-death penalty views, and liberally spreads propaganda and rhetoric on behalf of "the cause.") A Capital Defender's Toolbox
Written and edited by Karl R. Keys, a Massachusetts defense attorney for the condemned, created to assist defense attorneys who represent those facing a death sentence. This site is one of the most comprehensive free legal sites on the web, offering hundreds of links to assist in legal research, and hundreds more to anti-death penalty articles and publications on the web; Appellate briefs, summaries of recent death penalty cases, even a section on legal humor. Focus on the Death Penalty. (Univ Alaska Anchorage)
Established by the Justice Center at the University of Alaska Anchorage in the wake of a debate on whether to introduce capital punishment to Alaska. Its expressed purpopse is to give a full picture, using existing Internet resources, of the complex issues surrounding capital punishment and its application, and does a commendable job of meeting that purpose. Hundreds of articles and links (some pro-death penalty), history and statistics, issues and organizations. Death Penalty News & Updates from Southern Methodist University.
Up-to-date execution statistics and alerts; U.S. Executions since 1977 by name, date, state, and victim(s); Death Row Inmate Homepages and Links. Links Toward Death Penalty Abolition. (Prison Law Page)
A project of the Prison Law Page. Large collection of anti-death penalty and prison links from the perspective of the inmate; in frames and nicely arranged by category. Anti-Death Penalty Information & Resources. (American Society of Criminologists)
Large collection of anti-death penalty links and papers; statistics, FAQ, women on death row, wrongful executions, death row inmate homepages, Bureau of Justice Capital Punishment 1989-97. Death Penalty and Religion Links by The Theology Library.
Thorough collection of 82 mainly religious death penalty links on the web, almost entirely anti-death penalty, put together by Gerald Darring, teacher at a catholic high school in Alabama. Capital Punishment 1993-99. (Bureau of Justice Statistics)
Yearly publication of the U.S. Department of Justice with detailed statistics and history of the death penalty in the U.S. Accurate source for any and all papers and writings, on both sides of the issue. Availability lags approximately one year behind. Frontline: Angel on Death Row with Sister Helen Prejean.
The real life cases from the movie "Dead Man Walking"; Interviews with Sister Helen Prejean and victims; Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty; Chronology of Capital Punishment. (From PBS series Frontline 1998) Polling Report.Com.
Up-to-date public opinion polls on capital punishment from various sources, including Harris Polls, Gallup Polls, ABC/NBC/CNN/Fox News Polls; Also includes polls on Fear of Crime, Crime Victims, DNA, and Police. Death Row USA, Spring 2001.
(As of April 1, 2001)A quarterly report by the Capital Punishment Project of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., hosted by the Death Penalty Information Center. A complete listing of all current death row prisoners in the United States, by name, race, sex, and juveniles; Summaries of racial and gender characteristics of those executed, on death row, and their victims; Summaries of recent U.S. Supreme Court cases. The Death Penalty Activism Center from SpeakOut.Com.
Send a Message, Sign a Petition, Take a Survey, or just browse through a good selection of death penalty links and briefs on various death penalty issues. Death Penalty on Trial. (CourtTV Online)
Latest news headlines. Selective links to important death penalty sites, though mostly all anti-death penalty. A dozen links to recent newspaper and magazine articles. An interactive map of the U.S. showing for each state the number of executions, method, aggravating circumstances, and minimum age. U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany: Dossier on Capital Punishment.
Recent Headlines, Commentary, Bibliography, and Death Penalty Links. "Death Trip: The American Way of Execution," by Robert Sherrill. (The Nation January 8, 2001)
Long feature article and commentary, strongly anti-death penalty, making no effort whatsoever to present any pro-death penalty arguments. Includes sections on Killing for Votes, Wrongful Convictions, Never Trust a Prosecutor, Cost, Corruption of Justice, Hanging Judges, Drunk Lawyers, The Supreme Court, Florida's Folly, Young and Retarded Fair Game, Unguided Discretion is Back. Mandatory Justice: Eighteen Reforms to the Death Penalty. (The Constitution Project June 27, 2001)
A distinguish panel, but with a clear anti-death penalty slant, make up The Constitution Project, Death Penalty Initiative. (Includes well-known anti-death penalty activists former New York Governor Mario Cuomo, former Florida Chief Justice Gerald Kogan, and former Baltimore Mayor Kurt Schmoke. Their report was presented to the United States Senate, Committee on the Judiciary on June 27, 2001 at hearings on "Protecting the Innocent: Ensuring Competent Counsel in Death Penalty Cases." Their recommendations include: adequate compensation, standards and training for defense counsel; the removal of certain classes of defendants and homicides from death penalty eligibility; greater flexibility for introducing evidence that casts doubt on a conviction or sentence; gathering of data on the role of race in capital punishment and involvement of all races in the decision-making process; elimination of a judge's ability to impose a death sentence despite a jury recommendation for life imprisonment; and requiring prosecutors to open their files to the defense in death penalty cases.

HISTORY OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

Focus on the Death Penalty: History & Recent Developments. (Univ Alaska Anchorage)
Established by the Justice Center at the University of Alaska Anchorage in the wake of a debate on whether to introduce capital punishment to Alaska. Historical emphasis is 1972 to present, with links to U.S. Supreme Court cases. Historical Methods of Torture and Execution.
Short summaries of methods from beheading to burning at the stake from ElectricChair.Com, with some photos and illustrations. "Old Sparky: History of the Electric Chair," by Craig Brandon. (2000)
Up-to-date news, Frequently Asked Questions, Timeline, Interesting Facts, Photos of the Electric Chair, and a summary of a book by the same author: The Electric Chair: An Unnatural American History. (McFarland and Co., Inc. 288 pages, 50 illustrations. Cloth $39.95) Suspended Sentence: How the U.S. Almost Put Capital Punishment to Death.
Article from the March/April 1997 issue of Salt of the Earth magazine by Kevin Clarke. Excellent discussion of capital punishment in the 1970's, with factual details of Furman and Gregg. (anti-death penalty slant) "Capital Punishment 101: A 20th Century History," by J.J. Maloney. (Crime Magazine, February 8, 1999)
Thorough article discussing capital punishment in the U.S. during the 20th century, summarizing the notorious trials of Sacco and Vanzetti, Bruno Hauptman, the Scottsboro Boys, the Rosenbergs, Caryl Chessman, and Karla Faye Tucker; Also outlines the rulings of the Warren and Renquist Supreme Courts. History of the Death Penalty. (PBS Frontline)
"History of the Death Penalty" by Michael H. Reggio (PBS Frontline), excerpted from Society's Final Solution: A History and Discussion of the Death Penalty. From ancient China and the Code of Hammurabi to the Middle Ages and the American Colonies, a detailed discussion. History of the Death Penalty. (DPIC)
History of the Death Penalty from the perspective of an anti-death penalty group, with a timeline and detailed legal history discussion. The Evolution of the Death Penalty in the United States. (U.S. State Department)
Brief history of capital punishment in the United States, from the International Human Rights pages of the U.S. Department of State. Timeline Chronology of Capital Punishment.
Brief timeline presented by PBS Frontline:Angel on Death Row (1998). "Capital Punishment in America." (CBS News June 12, 2000)
CBS News feature report with interactive maps and timelines showing statistics, history, famous cases, publications and links on the death penalty. "History of the Death Penalty." (High School Curriculum Michigan State Univ)
Short history of the death penalty, from the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, to colonial times, up to the present day. Capital Punishment: Rising Tide. (Court TV)
Very short historical summary of capital punishment from Court TV, emphasizing 1970's but noting first execution in 1622. "Just Revenge: Costs and Consequences of the Death Penalty" by Mark Costanzo.
Excerpts from "Chapter One: The Long and Bloody Past" of the book by Mark Costanzo, of Claremont McKenna College. The History of Capital Punishment.
Brief historical highlights of capital punishment in the U.S. from Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. The History of Capital Punishment. (T.P Uschanov, Philosophy Professor, University of Helsinki)
Short list of links addressing the history of the death penalty in the U.S., state by state, and worldwide, country by country. Federal Death Penalty History.
Brief history and status of the federal death penalty and death row from the Salt Lake Tribune. A Brief History of Alcatraz.
Brief history of the federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay provided by the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Tyburn Tree Homepage
Tyburn Tree Homepage: Public Executions in Early Modern England.
Information on public executions in Early Modern England, specifically London. Maintained by Charlie Mitchell, Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The History of Capital Punishment (Hanging) in England
Timeline of hanging in Britain; Listing of those hanged this century; Hangmen since 1850; The history and process of execution by hanging, from Capital Punishment - U.K. "The Last Public Execution in America," a book by Perry T. Ryan. (1992)
Complete text of 26 chapter book written about the execution of Rainey Bethea on August 14, 1936, hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky, before a crowd of 20,000. The public outrage which followed resulted in the complete abolition of public executions in the United States. (with photo) The Execution of Caleb Adams.
Historical summary of the case of Caleb Adams, who in 1803 murdered six year old Oliver Woodworth in Connecticut, and was tried, convicted, and executed. Witchcraft in Salem Village.
A history of the infamous Salem Witch Trials of 1692. History of the Death Penalty in Ancient Civilizations.
Brief history of Capital Punishment in various civilizations, from the Babylonians and Egyptians to the Romans and through the Middle Ages to today, by Lorenzo and Paolo. The Case of Mary Surratt, first woman executed in the United States.
The life story of Mary Surratt and her involvement in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Compiled from the research of James O. Hall, published and copyrighted by the Surratt Society of Clinton, Maryland. "Dirty Details: Executing U.S. Soldiers During WW II," by J. Robert Lilly, Northern Kentucky University. (November 28, 1995)
Scholarly paper examining the execution of U.S. soldiers during World War II. It describes the crimes, defendants and victims for 18 military executions that took place in England, 1943-1945. "Executing U.S. Soldiers in England, WWII: The Power of Command Influence and Sexual Racism," by J. Robert Lilly. (1995)
Scholarly paper examining the execution of U.S. soldiers in England during World War II. It describes the purpose of the executions was to control a perceived danger: the socializing of African American troops with British females, and the possible explosive violence between caucasian and African American troops. "Capital Punishment Historical Summary." (CQ Researcher January 8, 1999)
Overview of capital punishment in the United States, in colonial times, reform movements, the abolition movement in the 1960's, increased support in the 80's and 90's. The History of Capital Punishment in Alaska.
Excellent discussion of the death penalty in Alaska, including recent legislative efforts to reinstitute the death penalty. The Trial and Hanging of Nelson Charles. (Alaska Justice Forum Spring 1996)
This article summarizes research on the trial and hanging of Nelson Charles, who was executed in Juneau, Alaska in 1939. It is a part of a larger work in progress, a history of the death penalty in Territorial Alaska. Death Penalty History in Arizona.
Short history of the Death Penalty in Arizona, including list of executed prisoners by name, date and method, with last meal requests, provided by the Arizona Department of Corrections. Death Penalty History in California.
Excellent discussion of the death penalty in California from the California Department of Corrections. Death Penalty History in Delaware.
Short history of the Death Penalty in Delaware, including list of executed prisoners, current death row, and execution procedures, provided by the Delaware Department of Corrections. Death Penalty History in Florida.
Short history of the Death Penalty in Florida, prticularly the use of the electric chair, provided by the Florida Corrections Commission. Death Penalty History in Illinois.
Short history of the Death Penalty in Illinois, given as part of an introduction to the law review article: "The Quality of Justice in Capital Cases: Illinois as a Case Study," by Leigh B. Bienen. (61 Law & Contemp. Probs. 193 Autumn 1998) Death Penalty History in Indiana.
Short history of the Death Penalty in Indiana as part of a collection of news reports from the Indianapolis Star newspaper. Death Penalty History in Maryland.
Detailed report on the history of capital punishment in Maryland, with a discussion of the recent administration of the death penalty and its problems, and with specific findings and recommendations for the future. (Report Of The Governor's Commission On The Death Penalty, (April 27, 1994) Death Penalty History in Massachusetts.
Timeline and brief history of the death penalty in Massachusetts. Detailed articles downloadable in Word format. Death Penalty History in Massachusetts.(Massachusetts Department of Corrections)
Brief history of the death penalty in Massachusetts Death Penalty History in Missouri.
Short history of Capital Punishment in Missouri provided by the Missouri Department of Corrections and Missouri.Net, including a listing of executed prisoners since 1938. Death Penalty History in Nevada. (Nevada State Library and Archives)
From an article written by Guy Louis Rocha, "An Outline of Capital Punishment in Nevada." List of executions 1861-2001.(updated June 26, 2001) Death Penalty History in North Carolina.
Short history of Capital Punishment in North Carolina provided by the North Carolina Department of Correction. Death Penalty History in North Dakota.
Short history of Capital Punishment in North Dakota provided by the North Dakota Supreme Court. Death Penalty History in Ohio.
Short history of Capital Punishment in Ohio provided by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction. Death Penalty History in Oklahoma.
Short history of Capital Punishment in Oklahoma provided by the Oklahoma Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. "Death on the Gurney: An Idea Made in Oklahoma," by Kevin Acers.
Short article on the origins of lethal injection as a means of execution originating in Oklahoma. Death Penalty History in Oregon.
Short history of Capital Punishment in Oregon 1864-1996 provided by the Oregon Department of Corrections, with executions and current death row information, and methods of execution, with photo of death chamber. Death Penalty History in Oregon.
Short history of Capital Punishment in Oregon provided by the Oregon Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. Death Penalty History in South Carolina.
Short history of Capital Punishment in South Carolina provided by the South Carolina Department of Correction. Death Penalty History in Tennessee.
Short history of the death penalty in Tennessee provided by a Jackson Sun Special Report. Death Penalty History in Texas.
Short history of the Death Penalty in Texas, including locations and method of execution. (San Antonio Express-News) Death Penalty History in Texas. (Texas Department of Criminal Justice)
Short history of the Death Penalty in Texas, including list of executed prisoners by name, date and method, with last meal requests, provided by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. "Death and Texas." (Ft. Worth Star-Telegram, December 1998)
Short pro and con essays on capital punishment, with photos and case summaries of Texas inmates executed in 1997. Death Penalty History in Utah.
Short history of the Death Penalty in Utah, by L. Kay Gillespie, from "The Unforgiven: A History of Utah's Executed Men." (1991) Death Penalty History in Washington State. (Washington DOC)
Short history of the Death Penalty in Washington State, with list of executions and current death row. Death Penalty History in West Virginia.
Short history of the death penalty in West Virginia. "Thy Brother's Blood": Capital Punishment in West Virginia," by Stan Bumgardner and Christine Kreiser. Death Penalty History in Wisconsin. (Dennis McCann, Milwaukee Journal March 24, 1998)
Short history of the death penalty in Wisconsin, detailing the last execution in 1851, where a man convicted of murdering his wife was hanged, but it took nearly 10 minutes for him to die. Thoughts on Capital Punishment by Rich Geib.
Quotes on capital punishment from historical church leaders, including Pope Leo XIII (1901), and the Bishop of Verden (1411), Massachusetts Colony Laws (1641), French Philosopher Michel Eyquen Montaigne (1533-1592), and Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1786). (Intended to show that the punishment is often used to quell dissent and heresy) Death Penalty History in CA, OR, NV, WA, AZ, ID, MT. (9th Circuit Capital Punishment Handbook)
Handbook on the death penalty, with citations to federal and state cases and articles; Historical and statutory and case summaries from Oregon, California, Washington, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, and Nevada, published by the United States 9th Circuit Court of Appeal in 1999, also downloadable in Adobe Acrobat format.

LIEBMAN / COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY STUDY

"A Broken System: Error Rates in Capital Cases, 1973-1995," Liebman and Fagan, Columbia University.
Causing a media sensation, researchers at Columbia University studied more than 4,578 death penalty appeals from 1973 to 1995 and released a report claiming that nationally 68% of all death penalty sentences are overturned on appeal. The study was authored by Columbia University Professors James S. Liebman and Jeffrey Fagan and graduate student Valerie West. Capital Appeals Revisited," by Barry Latzer and James N. G. Cauthen. (2000)
A review of the Columbia University Study shows that it is flawed by inadequate research, faulty methodology, and reaches an unsupportable conclusion. A reexamination of this previous study of error-rate in capital cases suggests that the system is not “broken,” despite the media accepting such a conclusion without asking any questions. Published in Judicature, Volume 84, No. 2 (September-October 2000), and reposted on the John Jay College Library web site. "Execution by the Numbers," by Geraldine Sealy. (ABCNews.Com June 12, 2000)
Clearly slanted ABC News report on the release of the Columbia study, claiming: First Statistical Death Penalty Study Shows Flaws in System. With video of Professor Liebman and an interactive atlas state by state of its error findings. "Death Penalty Flaws." (ABCNews.Com June 12, 2000)
Short summary of study, with Real Video of Professor Liebman on Good Morning America, and a transcript of an ABC interview. "Death Penalty Error Study has Errors of Its Own." (Criminal Justice Legal Foundation June 19, 2000)
A study announced today by anti-death penalty activists claiming to show that American capital sentences are "fraught with error" is itself riddled with unjustified assumptions and false statements, according to CJLF. "Death Penalty Report Widely Misinterpreted." (National Center for Policy Analysis)
Excerpts from a June 16, 2000 Wall Street Journal Article: "We're Not Executing the Innocent," written by by Paul G. Cassell. (University of Utah). The Center on Crime, Communities & Culture.
The goal of the Center is to create a better understanding of and support for effective and humane responses to criminal behavior and victimization. The Center works toward this goal by seeking and supporting outstanding and innovative programs in the field of criminal justice, and by providing academic and research fellowships to individuals committed to becoming leaders in criminal justice. On January 1, 1999 James S. Liebman of Columbia University was awarded a Soros Justice Senior Fellowship of $40-70,000 to "identify and implement effective ways to moderate the use of the death penalty in the United States, drawing on original research challenging popular assumptions driving death penalty policy and a carefully structured set of action-focused discussions across ideological and disciplinary lines. "Death Penalty Study Ripped," by Teresa Stepzinski. (Jacksonville Times June 23, 2000)
A nationwide study revealing serious errors in many Florida and Georgia death penalty cases has prosecutors on the defensive, arguing that the report shows a bias against capital punishment."These statistics are an attempt by a certain group to try to make brutal murderers out as victims of the system, . . . Currie, a prosecutor for 20 years, characterized the study as little more than propaganda for death penalty opponents. Columbia Study: "Death Penalty Mistakes The Rule." (CBS News June 12, 2000)
CBS News feature report on the Columbia Study, showing "serious errors" in 68 percent of cases; flaws include bad defense, misconduct, faulty intructions to jury; only 1 in 20 on Death Row are executed. With interactive maps and timelines showing statistics, history, famous cases, publications and links on the death penalty. "Appalling Reality of Errors in Death Row Cases," by David Broder." (Chicago Tribune June 20, 2000)
Commentary claiming that the Columbia Study will go down in history as the defining and transforming moment of the death penalty debate. "A Broken System" is exactly what we have. "Justice on the Cheap: The Philadelphia Story," by Michael Kroll. (Death Penalty Information Center May 1992)
Well-written and lengthy anti-death penalty article concluding that factors of race, geography, and particularly lack of financial resources, make the death penalty unfair, with an emphasis on the experiences in Pennsylvania and Philadelphia. (Citing Professor Liebman's 1990 testimony before Congress for the proposition that 40% of the death penalty cases in federal court are reversed due to incompetent counsel.) Columbia University Press Release on "Landmark" "Groundbreaking" Death Penalty Study. (June 2000)
Columbia University Press Release With Video/Audio Clips of James S. Liebman. (5:20)
Short Biography of James S. Liebman, Simon H. Rifkind Professor of Law, Columbia University.
Columbia Study: "Alabama Doesn't Execute Innocent People," by Bill Pryor. (Huntsville Times July 4, 2000)
Columbia Study: "Error Rate High in Alabama Death Penalty Cases," by Stan Bailey. (Birmingham News June 13, 2000)
Columbia Study: "Lawyers, Life and Death," by Toni Locy. (USNews Online June 19, 2000)
Columbia Study: "US Study Exposes a System Rife With Errors, by Kate Randall. (World Socialist June 22, 2000)
Columbia Study: "Most Death Penalty Cases Flawed," by Laurie Asseo. (ChicagoLand/AP June 12, 2000)(with Real Audio)
Columbia Study: "Deadly Questions," by David Johnson. (InfoPlease.Com)
"Death Penalty Collapsing Under Weight of Its Own Mistakes, Researchers Say." (Canadian Press Online June 11, 2000)
"Study Questions Death Penalty's Fairness," by Fox Butterfield, NY Times. (Rutland Herald June 12, 2000)
Columbia Study: "Death Penalty-Still Guilty," editorial by Peter Bronson. (Cincinnati Enquirer June 18, 2000)
Accuracy In Media Report: Flawed Columbia University Study.(August A 2000)

EXECUTION AND DEATH ROW STATISTICS

Death Penalty Information Center.
Probably the single most comprehensive and authoritative internet rersource on the death penalty, with stats conscienciously kept up-to-date. List of executions since 1976 by name, date, state, method, and race of defendant and victim; State per capita execution rates; Number of executions since 1976 by region and state, and by method; List of recent executions (98-00) with very short commentary; Size of death row by state and since 1965; State by state info on death row, minimum age, LWOP option, method of execution, clemency process; Info on abolition or last execution in no-DP states. Death Row USA, Spring 2001.
(As of April 1, 2001)A quarterly report by the Capital Punishment Project of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., hosted by the Death Penalty Information Center. A complete listing of all current death row prisoners in the United States, by name, race, sex, and juveniles; Summaries of racial and gender characteristics of those executed, on death row, and their victims; Summaries of recent U.S. Supreme Court cases. Links to Death Row Inmates from "Suunshiine."
Links to lists of death row inmates, some with legal and factual summaries and biographical information, in the following states: Federal and Military, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Oklahoma, Nebraska, North Carolina, Texas, Virginia. Amnesty International: Death Penalty USA Pages.
List of executed prisoners since 1976 (up-to-date) by name, date, race, state and method, with short factual summaries of each since 1996; Executions by state and by year since 1976; Women on death row by name, race, state and DOB, with very short commentary on each; Juveniles executed since 1976, by name, date, state, and age at crime and execution. National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. (NCADP)
Number of executions and commutations since 1976 by state, race and method; List of jurisdictions with or without death penalty; List of executed prisoners in 2000 by name, date and state; Alerts on upcoming executions. Focus on the Death Penalty: Statistics. (Univ Alaska Anchorage)
Established by the Justice Center at the University of Alaska Anchorage in the wake of a debate on whether to introduce capital punishment to Alaska. Links to Bureau of Justice Capital Punishment 1989-1997, 1998 Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, Public Opinion from Sam Houston State and Harris Polls. Death Penalty News and Updates. (SMU)
From Rick Halperin and Joan Brett. List of executed prisoners since 1977 by name, date, state, method, and names of victims; Number of executions since 1977 by year and state; Texas executions by county; Upcoming executions scheduled. Fight the Death Penalty in the USA.
List of executed prisoners 1997-2000 by name, date, race, state and method, with brief news summary on each case. The ESPY File.The ESPY File.The ESPY File.
Complete list of executed prisoners in the United States from 1608-1967; List of executed prisoners from 1967 to present by name, date, state and method; British executions. Bureau of Justice Statistics: Capital Punishment 1993-99
Yearly publication of the U.S. Department of Justice with detailed statistics and history of the death penalty in the U.S. Demographics (race, age, gender, education, criminal history) on those executed and current death row; Number on U.S. death row since 1953; Number executed since 1930 and since 1977 by state and by year; List of jurisdictions with and without death penalty, with summary of statutes and recent statutory changes; Methods of execution and minimum age by state; Time on death row of those executed. Availability lags approximately one year behind. Bureau of Justice Statistics: Capital Punishment 1989-1997
Bureau of Justice Statistics: Prisoners in 1999
Yearly publication of the U.S. Department of Justice with detailed statistics on the number and demographics of inmates incarcerated in federal, state, and local institutions; probationers and parolees; Changes and trends in incarceration rates. Availability lags approximately one year behind. State by State Summary of Execution and Death Row Stats. (Capital Punishment U.S.A.)
Tables showing state by state number and method of executions, number on death row, population, homicide rates as of January 1, 2001. Interactive Death Penalty Atlas, State by State, Country by Country. (ABC News, December 15, 1998)
Click on the State from the map, and it will give you the population, number of executions before and after 1976, current # on death row, method of execution, aggravating circumstances, and exclusions. (Also other countries) Executions of Federal Prisoners Since 1927. (Federal Bureau of Prisons)
Complete list of prisoners executed by the federal government 1927-2001; Date, place and method of execution, Race, Offense, and Age of inmate. 1998 Executions. (Christian Science Monitor Online December 1998)
Graphic map of the United States showing the number of 1998 executions in each state. The Death Penalty in the United States: Facts & Figures. (Amnesty International USA)
Upcoming Executions; 1998/1999/2000/2001 Executions; Executions since 1976 by state and year and method. InfoPlease.Com
Number of Persons Executed by Jurisdiction, 1930-1999; Demographics (race, age, education, marital status, criminal history, length of stay) of prisoners on death row; Women On Death Row (as of 12/31/99); Methods of Execution and minimum age by state. Critical Information and Statistics on the Death Penalty. (NACDL)
Summary of Execution and Death Row statistics from the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. Court TV Library: Death Penalty
Map of U.S. showing states with and without death penalty; Summaries of statutes in each state and number of executions since 1930 and 1977. The American Society of Criminology Critical Criminology Division.
Methods of Execution by state; Executed prisoners in Illinois since 1977 with news accounts of each; Demographics on Illinois Death Row; Bureau of Justice: Capital Punishment 1989-1997. Stat House: Capital Punishment
Short summary of capital punishment statistics through 1999 (including year by year execution totals from 1930-1999)from Salt of the Earth Magazine. After 24 years, Texas Executes its Longest-Held Death Row Inmate for 1974 Murders.
Amnesty International version of the 1999 execution of Robert Excell White: "Send me to my maker, Warden." "1999 Prison Executions Approach All-Time High, Most Since 1951, " by Hans H. Chen. (APBNews December 12, 1999)
Short article from APB Staff Writer noting the 96 inmates that were executed in 1999, the most since 1951. "Texas Executes 200th Person Since 1982." (APBNews/AP January 13, 2000)
Short article from APB noting the prolific number of executions Texas has carried out since capital punishment was resumed in 1982. American Female Executions 1900 -2001. (Capital Punishment U.S.A.)
Listing of the 47 women executed in the United states since 1900, by age, race, state, date of execution, and method of execution. (short summaries of most recent cases) Female Hangings 1632-1900. (Capital Punishment U.S.A.)
Listing of the women executed in the United states before 1900. Death Row Roll Call, from TheNation.Com.
Short summaries of recent death penalty news reports, and a calendar of upcoming executions, and those who have been executed in 2001. The Death Penalty Worldwide. (InfoPlease.Com 2000)
Methods of Execution in the States. (InfoPlease.Com 12/31/99)
Characteristics of Prisoners Under Sentence of Death. (InfoPlease.Com 12/31/99)
Women on Death Row. (InfoPlease.Com 12/31/99)
Number of Persons Executed, by Jurisdiction, 1930-1999. (InfoPlease.Com 12/31/99)

LEGAL RESEARCH / CAPITAL DEFENSE

A Capital Defender's Toolbox
Written and edited by Karl R. Keys, a Massachusetts defense attorney for the condemned, created to assist defense attorneys who represent those facing a death sentence. Form Motions and capital defense manuals; Appellate briefs; Listing of national and state legal defense organizations and advocacy groups; Law Review articles on the internet; Thorough compilation of general death penalty links and legal research links. Criminal Justice Legal Foundation: Restoring the Balance for Victims
A California-based nonprofit public interest law organization dedicated to restoring a balance between the rights of crime victims and the criminally accused. Includes summaries of recent cases of interest in California, U.S. Court of Appeals, and U.S. Supreme Court, with index of 30+ amicus curiae briefs filed by CJLF in cases ranging from panhandling ordinances to the death penalty. Capital Punishment Handbook (United States 9th Circuit Court of Appeal 1999)
Handbook on the death penalty, with citations to federal and state cases and articles; Historical and statutory and case summaries from Oregon, California, Washington, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, and Nevada, published by the United States 9th Circuit Court of Appeal in 1996-1999, also downloadable in Adobe Acrobat format. Illinois Office of Appellate Public Defender - Death Penalty Materials
Homepage of the Illinois Appellate Public Defender with discussion of death penalty issues currently before the courts and death penalty materials available to trial and appellate counsel; Brief bank, death penalty case summaries and full opinions available by download in Word or Word Perfect format. Capital Defense Network
Online assistance for the federal capital defense lawyer, at trial, on appeal, or on habeas. Overview of federal death penalty statutes, brief bank, litigation guides, listing of legal research sites, summaries of death penalty opinions, upcoming training and seminars. Louisiana Indigent Defender Board - Death Penalty Materials.
Homepage of the Louisiana Public Defender with discussion of death penalty issues and manuals available to trial and appellate counsel. Tennessee Association for Criminal Defense Lawyers.
Homepage of the Tennessee Association for Criminal Defense Lawyers with materials and manuals available to trial and appellate counsel. National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers: Death Penalty Defense.
Lawyer's group against the death penalty, providing capital defense updates, critical "information", publications for capital defense, internet resources and links. New York State Defenders Association: New York Capital Defense.
Current Death Penalty News (scores of recent news articles nationwide); Special Reports; Law Reviews and Scholarly Articles; Death Penalty News Archives; Capital Defense Research Links. "Conducting the Penalty Phase of a Capital Case," by Susan F. Schaeffer, Florida Circuit Judge. (1999)
Detailed Handbook of Florida death penalty trial procedures for Judges, from guilty verdict to jury instructions and sentencing orders, in HTML, Adobe Acrobat, or Microsoft Word format. (September 1999) FindLaw Search: U.S. Supreme Court Decisions 1893-present.
Full text of all United States Supreme Court Opinions from 1893, with seach by party, citation, browse by year, or full-text. FedWorld Search: U.S. Supreme Court Decisions 1937-1975.
Full text of over 7,000 United States Supreme Court Opinions from 1937-1975, U.S. Reports Volume 300-422, with search engine. From FedWorld/Flite. Historic U.S. Supreme Court Death Penalty Opinions 1937-1992. (LII - Cornell University)
Full text of 27 historic United States Supreme Court Death Penalty Opinions, from 1937 to 1992, including Furman, Gregg, Witherspoon, McKlesky, Booth, and Thompson. U.S. Supreme Court Death Penalty Opinions (LII - Cornell University)
Full text and syllabi of U.S. Supreme Court Death Penalty Opinions. Links to State Statutes and Legislation.
Complete set of links to statutes, legislation, administrative codes, and constitutions, state-by-state, from Scruffy. Focus on the Death Penalty: Historical Death Penalty Decisions. (Univ Alaska Anchorage)
Short list of historical Death Penalty Opinions 1972-1990. Florida Supreme Court: Gavel to Gavel
Case summaries, briefs, opinions, and Real Audio/Video of all cases heard by the Florida Supreme Court since December, 1997. (Florida State University) "The Hanging Judges," by Bryan Stevenson. (The Nation, October 1996)
"The Hanging Judges (of the Renquist Court): Once the Court said, "Death is different." Now it says, "Let's get on with it." Feature article from The Nation, October 1996 by Bryan Stevenson, director of the Equal Justice Initiative of Alabama. Justice Blackmun Dissenting Opinion in Callins v. Collins.
Full text of the Dissenting Opinion of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun in the 1994 appeal of a Texas Death Row inmate in Callins v. Collins ("From this day forward, I no longer shall tinker with the machinery of death. " . The United States Supreme Court. (Findlaw Constitutional Law Center)
History of the Court, Landmark Decisions, Bios and Commentary on Current Justices, Preview of next Term. The Cult of Scalia.
A shrine to U.S. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, with links to his written court opinions and speeches, as well as a biography. "William Brennan's Judicial Legacy," by Edward J. Erler. (The Claremont Institute 1997)
Critical article of the liberal jurisprudence of William Brennan while a Supreme Court Justice. Written by a political science professor at California State University. Indiana Public Defender Commission: Capital Defense.
Standards and guidelines for the reimbursement of capital defense expenditures by the State Public Defender Commission to Indiana counties.

LEGAL ISSUES

Cruel & Unusual Punishment

Habeas Corpus Reform

Prosecutor Discretion

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

Death Qualified Juries

Future Dangerousness

Other Legal Issues

CRUEL & UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT
The Costitutionality of Capital Punishment (Wesley Lowe)
Short summary of arguments supporting the constitutionality of the death penalty as part of the original intent of the framers, and not cruel and unusual punishment, from Wesley Lowe. Florida Supreme Court Opinion Upholding Constitutionality of Electric Chair.
Thomas H. Provenzano v. Michael W. Moore. (Opinion #95973) Florida Supreme Court opinion upholding the constitutionality of the Electric Chair following the botched executions of Allen Lee Davis and Pedro Medina. (September 24, 1999) "High Court Rejects Challenge to Electric Chair." (APBNews/AP February 22, 2000)
News article on the U.S. Supreme Court opinion rejecting the appeal of Alabama Death Row inmate Robert Lee Tarver, by a 5-4 vote finding that Alabama's electric chair, known as "yellow mama," does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment. Exploring Constitutional Conflicts: The Death Penalty / Cruel and Unusual Punishment. (1999)
Feature series presented by Professor Doug Linder of the University of Missouri at Kansas City Law School. "How Protracted Death Row Confinement Gives Rise to a Cruel and Unusual Punishment Claim," by Kathleen M. Flynn.
The "Agony of Suspense": How Protracted Death Row Confinement Gives Rise to an Eighth Amendment Claim of Cruel and Unusual Punishment. (54 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 291, 1997)
HABEAS CORPUS REFORM
Death Penalty Update: Limiting Habeas Corpus Appeals (PBS Online, July 30, 1997)
Transcript of PBS News Hour segment discussing new federal laws limiting habeas appeals in death penalty cases, with David Crump (University of Houston), Paul Wickes (Defense Attorney), and Bill Taylor (ABA). Also available in Real Audio. Habeas Corpus, A Much-Needed Reform," by Andrew Peyton Thomas. (National Review May 4, 1998)
Magazine article from a former Assistant Arizona Attorney General. "A much-needed reform seemed poised to hasten executions, until federal judges got their hands on it." "The ABA and Federal Habeas Corpus," by Larry W. Yackle, Boston University Professor of Law. (1998)
Thorough and well-referenced law review article evaluating the claims of the American Bar Association that recent changes in Habeas Corpus law in the federal courts have significantly and unfairly limited the rights of capital defendants. The conclusion, of course, is that the ABA is right. (61 Law & Contemp. Probs. 171 Autumn 1998) Texas v. Karla Faye Tucker, Habeas Corpus. (CourtTV)
Article and full text of 150 page Writ of Habeas Corpus filed on behalf of Karla Faye Tucker. "Does the Bill of Rights Apply Here Any More? Evisceration of Habeas Corpus," by Stephen B. Bright. (NACDL, November 1996)
Opinion page from The Champion, a publication of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. A Prisoner's Right?: Limiting Habeas Corpus Appeals (PBS Online, June 3, 1996)
Transcript of PBS News Hour segment discussing new federal laws limiting habeas appeals in death penalty cases, and a recent case (Ellis Wayne Felkerin) front of the U.S. Supreme Court on the issue. Also available in Real Audio. "Pennsylvania Admits It Cannot Use New Law to Speed Up Appeals," by Julia Martinez.
Philadelphia Inquirer news article on admission by Pennsylvania officials that new limits for Habeas appeals are not applicable to their 205 death row prisoners, since Pennsylvania does not meet the requirements of a new law regarding the availability of post-conviction counsel. (February 1, 1997) Texas Gears Up for Flood of Executions After Change in Law. (CNN, April 4, 1997)
News article discussing the expected increase in Texas executions following a new state law speeding up the appeals process.
PROSECUTOR DISCRETION
"Deadly Choices," by John Gibeaut. (ABA Journal May 2001)
Article addressing the tough decisions facing prosecutors when the death penalty is an option. Critics say varying standards for decision-making can be unfair to defendants. "Prosecutor Discretion: Opting Against Death" by Monroe Freedman (Legal Times)
Article addressing the ethical dilemma of Prosecutors who refuse to file death penalty cases and who are publicly against capital punishment. Opinion and Commentary by Monroe Freedman (Legal Times, October 16, 1995) Robert T. Johnson, District Attorney of Bronx County v. George E. Pataki, Governor
Opinion of New York State Supreme Court authorizing the removal of the Bronx District Attorney from the prosecution of the murder of a police officer based upon his vocal unwillingness to consider pursuit of a death sentence.
INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
"Sleeping Lawyer Syndrome: How Awful Does a Lawyer Have To Be?" by Bruce Shapiro.
The Nation news article criticizing Texas criminal justice in seeking the death of George McFarland, whose lawyer was purportedly asleep during his trial. (April 7, 1997) "Lawyer Sabotaged Case of Client on Death Row," by Sara Rimer. (NYTimes November 24, 2000)
He sabotaged the case by deliberately missing a deadline for filing an appeal of the sentence. "I decided that Mr. Tucker deserved to die, and I would not do anything to prevent his execution," the lawyer, David B. Smith of Greensboro, N.C., said in a recent court affidavit. (Reposted by "Against the Death Penalty") "Death Row Law: A Maze of Technicalities, A Ray of Hope," by Stuart Taylor, Jr. (Atlantic Unbound May 5, 2000) .
Article describing two April 2000 Supreme Court decisions as providing a ray of hope for condemned prisoners by putting some teeth in the principle that death row inmates have a right to effective counsel. "Capital Defense for Poor on Trial," by Geraldine Sealey. (ABCNews March 13, 2000)
Obviously slanted news report on the lack of quality defense for capital defendants, maintaining that most are handled by poorly trained, barely paid, sometimes corrupt, attorneys, and resulting in 85 inmates walking free from death row with some evidence of their innocence. "Justice on the Cheap: Indigent Defense," by Amy Bach. (The Nation May 21, 2001)
Featured article on the inadequacy of indigent defense, particluarly in death penalty cases. Spotlighting Greene County, Georgia. Federal Death Penalty: Recommendations on the Cost and Quality of Defense.
Recommendations prepared by the Judicial Conference of the United States, Committee on Defender Services, Subcommittee on Federal Death Penalty Cases, concerning the cost and quality of defense representation in federal death penalty cases. (May 1998) The recommendations in this report were adopted by the Judicial Conference of the United States on September 15, 1998. "Tennessee Inmate Receives New Trial Based on Ineffective Assistance," by Mike Moser. (Crossville Chronicle, January 1997)
Article discussing the Tennessee Supreme Court Opinion giving death row inmate, William Wesley Goad, a new sentencing hearing after holding that his trial attorneys were ineffective by failing to produce available evidence showing Goad had been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from his military service in Vietnam. "Underfunded and Unconstitutional," by John Holdridge. (Capital Trial Assistance Project, 1997)
Article from the National Legal Aid and Defender Association, claiming that the government's failure to adequately fund indigent defense results in an unconstitutional and ineffective capital defense. "The Death Penalty: Indigent Defense. (ABCNews April 4, 2000)
State by State breakdown of available indigent defense services in capital cases. Practice Area to Assist Volunteer Death Row Lawyers, from ProBono.Net.
This area is hosted by the ABA Death Penalty Representation Project, headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Project's Director is Elisabeth Semel, an experienced criminal defense lawyer who has handled capital cases at the trial and post-conviction stages, and the Project's Staff Attorney is Judy Gallant. The password-protected practice area contains online support and resources for its participating lawyers. "Texas-Sized Case of Injustice?" by Paul Duggan. (Washington Post February 22, 2000)
Article addressing the incompetence of many lawyers in the Texas system of justice for indigents, concentrating on the upcoming execution of Betty Lou Beets. Texas: Inmates' Legal Representation Questioned (U.S. News Online, August 16, 1999)
Article expressing concern over the rate of executions and the lack of a statewide public defender system for capital cases in Texas. "Death Penalty Representation Not Adequate, Critics Say." (Houston Chronicle, October 3, 1995)
News article lamenting that Texas Public Defenders are appointed by the Trial Judge and are overworked and underpaid, resulting in death sentences. "For Free, You Get a Drunk Lawyer," by Robert Sherrill. (The Nation January 8, 2001)
Part of a long feature article, "Death Trip: The American Way of Execution." Emphasis on inadequate and substandard indigent defense. "Protecting the Innocent: Ensuring Competent Counsel in Death Penalty Cases." (U.S. Senate June 27, 2001)
Prepared statements of members of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary.
DEATH QUALIFIED JURIES
Death Qualified Juries (National Science Foundation)
"Capital Punishment Decisions Hinge on Jurors Who May Not Understand Their Task" from the National Science Foundation News (January 14, 1997). "Arguments for Life and Death," by Honeyman & Ogloff. (Canada 1996)
1996 study from the Psychology Department at Simon Fraser University, investigating the effectiveness of arguments in persuading a jury to recommend a death sentence or life imprisonment. (Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, January 1996)
FUTURE DANGEROUSNESS
"An Analysis of Future Dangerousness in Capital Cases," by Jon Sorenson.
Prosecutors and defense attorneys have commonly relied on psychiatrists to make predictions about future dangerousness based on a defendant’s background, diagnostics tests, and the clinician’s own previous experience. Clinical predictions, however, are notoriously inaccurate. Predicting violence with an actuarial assessment has been proven superior to these clinical methods. (Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association Voice November 1999) "Texas Psychologist Speaks Out About His Testimony on Race and Crime," by Raju Chebium. (CNN June 9, 2000)
News article on the furor created by the explanations given by clinical psychologist Walter Quijano of factors considered, including race, in testifying as to future dangerousness for the prosecution in several death penalty trials in Texas. "Social Science in the Prediction of Future Dangerousness." (National Defender Association, 1998)
Well-written article suggesting as strategy in capital cases that the defense present social scientist testimony to rebut the State's claim of future dangerousness, by Jonathan R. Sorensen.
OTHER LEGAL ISSUES
"Using Defendant's Family As a Mitigating Factor," by King and Norgard. (FSU Law Review Summer 1999)
Florida State University Law Review article published at Volume 26, No. 4, Summer 1999, entitled: "What About Our Families? Using the Impact on Defendants' Family Members as a Mitigating Factor in Death Penalty Sentencing Hearings," by Rachel King (ACLU Legislative Counsel)and Katherine Norgard (Psychologist whose son was convicted in Arizona of murder). "A (Genuinely) Modest Proposal Concerning the Death Penalty," by Craig M. Bradley. (Indiana University)
Article from Indiana University School of Law Professor Craig M. Bradley, suggesting that the jury should be instructed on "residual doubt" as a basis for rejecting the death penalty in capital cases. Clemency Decisions and the Case of Karla Faye Tucker. (University of Arizona)
Memo to the Texas Board of Parole and Pardons on the consideration of clemency for Karla Faye Tucker, from University of Arizona faculty, including a preliminary report suggesting that Clemency Boards meet as a group, provide public explanations for decisions, and that national standards be adopted. The Death Penalty in the 21st Century.
American University Law Review Article (Dec 1995) with a transcript of a panel discussion from a conference of "experts" discussing the future of the death penalty. Alabama: Judicial Override: "The Judge as Lynch Mob," by Ken Silverstein. (American Prospect May 7, 2001)
Long article on the power of Alabama Judges to override a jury recommendation for a life sentence in death penalty cases, the modern-day equivalent of a lynch mob. Should the Death Penalty be Abolished?
A Policy forum Panel discussion sponsored by the Cato Institute (Sept 2000), featuring Judge Alex Kozinski, U.S. Court of Appeals; Harvey Silverglate; Silverglate & Good; David Frum, Senior Fellow Manhattan Institute; and Jarett Decker, Adjunct Scholar, Cato Institute. (Real Video) Appealing to Ethnic and Nationality Bias in Capital Trial. (Amicus Brief)
Amicus Brief filed in the 5th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals by the International Human Rights Clinic and the Southern Center for Human Rights, in the Texas death penalty case of Ricardo Aldape Guerra, on the issue of the Prosecution's repeated references to the defendant's Mexican origins. "Justice on the Cheap: The Philadelphia Story," by Michael Kroll. (Death Penalty Information Center May 1992)
Well-written and lengthy anti-death penalty article concluding that factors of race, geography, and particularly lack of financial resources, make the death penalty unfair, with an emphasis on the experiences in Pennsylvania and Philadelphia. (Citing Professor Liebman's 1990 testimony before Congress for the proposition that 40% of the death penalty cases in federal court are reversed due to incompetent counsel.) "Correcting Deadly Confusion: Responding to Jury Inquiries in Capital Cases."
Full text of Law Review article by Stephen P. Garvey, Sheri Lynn Johnson, and Paul Marcus, concentrating on the issue before the U.S. Supreme Court in the capital appeal of Lonnie Weeks. (Cornell Law School) Death Penalty Procedures. (Justice For All)
List of 28 separate due process and procedural safeguards afforded the defendant at trial and on appeal, before execution, from Justice For All. 1997 ABA Resolution Seeking a Moratorium on the Death Penalty.
Resolution adopted by the House of Delegates of the American Bar Association on February 3, 1997, calling for a moratorium on carrying out death sentences in the United States until the jurisdiction (1) ensures that death penalty cases are administered fairly and impartially, in accordance with due process, and (2) minimizes the risk that innocent persons may be executed. (3. until all Prosecutors are villified and all fees are paid) Conflict of Interest: "Critics Say Lawyer Shouldn't Aid Man He Once Prosecuted," by Steve McGonigle. (Dallas News July 6, 2000)
News article spotlighting the appeals of Texas death row inmate, Henry Skinner, whose Public Defender at his 1994 capital trial, prosecuted him 6 years earlier as a prosecutor on other charges. "In Jury Rooms, Form of Civil Protest Grows," by Joan Biskupic. (Washington Post February 8, 1999)
Article discussing the growing protests by jurors, particularly minority jurors, when not guilty verdicts are returned in spite of the evidence showing guilt - Jury Nullification. "Jury Nullification: The Top Secret Constitutional Right," by James Joseph Duane. (1996)
Thorough and scholarly article discussing the right of jury nullification, originally published as 22:4 Litigation 6-60 (1996), by an associate professor at Regent Law School in Virginia Beach, Virginia.

PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS

"Deadly Choices," by John Gibeaut. (ABA Journal May 2001)
Article addressing the tough decisions facing prosecutors when the death penalty is an option. Critics say varying standards for decision-making can be unfair to defendants. A Response to the ABA from the Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies.(August 1997)
A detailed report showing a striking pattern of ABA activities and positions that regularly favored the criminal defense position in litigation and legislation, and that the pro-criminal defense orientation of the ABA was in part responsible for prosecutors not joining the ABA or dropping their membership. Clark County Indiana Prosecuting Attorney
Comprehensive information on the Death Penalty in Indiana, including statistics, executions since 1900, current death row (with photos), Indiana death penalty laws, history, and methods of execution, with factual and legal summaries of all death penalty cases since 1977; Up-to-date information on the Death Penalty in the United States; Over 1500 death penalty links arranged by subject, including 90 pro-death penalty links. "Trial & Error: Prosecutors Lie for Convictions" (1999 Chicago Tribune)
A 5-part series from the Chicago Tribune on prosecutorial misconduct leading to reversal in murder cases. "A Tribune investigation found hundreds of homicide cases where prosecutors violated their oath by hiding evidence or twisting the truth. Innocent people went to prison, some to Death Row." "Prosecutors vs. Journalists: The Gloves Are Off," by Michael Miner. (Chicago Reader June 9, 2000)
A column giving a critical reply to the Chicago Tribune series of articles, "Trial and Error," spotlighting the response of the National District Attorneys Association and Oregon Prosecutor Joshua Marquis. "Win at All Costs: Government Misconduct in the Name of Expedient Justice" (1998 Pittsburgh Post)
A ten-part series by Bill Moushey of the Pittsburg Post-Gazette, detailing examples of government misconduct by federal agents and prosecutors. They lied, hid evidence, distorted facts, engaged in cover-ups, paid for perjury and set up innocent people in a relentless effort to win indictments, guilty pleas and convictions, a two-year Post-Gazette investigation found." "Never Trust a Prosecutor," by Robert Sherrill. (The Nation January 8, 2001)
Part of a long feature article, "Death Trip: The American Way of Execution." Emphasis on prosecutorial misconduct. "Prosecutor Discretion: Opting Against Death" by Monroe Freedman. (Legal Times October 16, 1995)
Article addressing the ethical dilemma of Prosecutors who refuse to file death penalty cases and who are publicly against capital punishment. Opinion and Commentary by Monroe Freedman. Robert T. Johnson, District Attorney of Bronx County v. George E. Pataki, Governor
Opinion of New York State Supreme Court authorizing the removal of the Bronx District Attorney from the prosecution of the murder of a police officer based upon his vocal unwillingness to consider pursuit of a death sentence. "25 years later, Coast lawyer still prosecuting death sentence case," by Geoff Pender. (Sun-Herald June 17, 2001)
Article reviewing the 25 year history of Joe Sam Owen, prosecuting a Louisiana death penalty case against Richard Gerald Jordan, convicted and sentenced to death 3 separate times for the kidnap and murder of a prominent banker's wife for ransom. "D.A. Can Afford to Prosecute With a Vengeance," by Steve Brewer. (Houston Chronicle February 3, 2001)
Article showing the budget restraints of some Texas prosecutors in smaller rural counties, as opposed to big city offices, in prosecuting death penalty cases. "Prosecuting the Prosecutors Accused of Railroading Rolando Cruz." (ABCNews March 14, 1999)
"Prosecutors Are Master Framers," by Hans Sherrer. (Justice Denied, the Magazine for the Wrongly Convicted)
Directory of Prosecuting Attorneys, Attorneys General, and U.S. Attorneys on the Net. (Eaton County Prosecutor)
Directory of Prosecuting Attorneys, Attorneys General, and U.S. Attorneys on the Net. (BC Law)

PARDON, COMMUTATION, CLEMENCY

A Letter to Missouri Governor Carnahan On The Pardon of Darrell Mease
A thoughtful letter by Charlene Hall (Justice For all) written to Missouri Governor Carnahan after the commutation of sentence for death row inmate Darrell Mease upon the visit by Pope John Paul II to St. Louis. Clemency Decisions and the Case of Karla Faye Tucker (University of Arizona)
Memo to the Texas Board of Parole and Pardons on the consideration of clemency for Karla Faye Tucker, from University of Arizona faculty, including a preliminary report suggesting that Clemency Boards meet as a group, provide public explanations for decisions, and that national standards be adopted. Facts About Clemency. (Death Penalty Information Center)
Listing of 42 death row inmates have been granted clemency for humanitarian reasons since 1976; state by state description of the clemency process. Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles: Time for a Makeover? (Austin Chronicle, January 22, 1999)
Short article describing the origins of the clemency powers in Texas, the corruption of its past use, and the current procedures calling for the Board to give the governor its binding "written signed recommendation and advice" on clemency petitions. "Killers Lives Hang on Video Clemency Pleas," by Robert A. Phillips. (APBNews March 28, 2000)
Article with video clips of the clemency pleas of Tennessee Death Row inmates Phillip Workman and Robert Glen Coe. "Federal Executive Clemency in United States,1789-1995: A Preliminary Report (P.S. Ruckman, Jr.)
Paper by Rock Valley College, Illinois Political Science Assistant Professor, P. S. Ruckman, Jr. "Department of Justice Rules Governing Petitions for Executive Clemency: Capital Cases." (2000)
Rules and procedures promulgated by the United States Department of Justice, Office of the Pardon Attorney, supplementing existing regulations, relating to Petitions for executive clemency in capital cases. Published in the Federal Register on August 8, 2000 (Volume 65, Number 153). Governors Under the Gun on Clemency. (National Center for Policy Analysis 1999)
Pardon Me: 12 Steps to a Presidential (Federal) Pardon, by Jerome P. Mullins, Attorney at Law. (1999)
California Board of Prison Terms: How to Apply for a Pardon.
Montana Board of Pardons and Parole.
Killing Without Mercy: Clemency Procedures in Texas. (Amnesty International, June 1999)
"Who Will Decide the Fate of the Parole Board?," by Erica C. Barnett. (Austin Chronicle, January 22, 1999)
Karla Faye Tucker Challenges Texas Clemency Procedures. (CNN, January 20, 1998)
Ohio Clemency Procedures Prohibiting Attorneys Considered by Supreme Court. (USA Today/AP, 1997)
Illinois Governor Edgar Commutes Death Sentence of Guinevere Garcia. (CNN, January 16, 1996)
"Transplant Plan to Get Killers Off Death Row." (The Age, May 4, 1998)
Virginia Governor Uses DNA Evidence to Pardon Troy Lynn Webb from Death Row," by Larry O'Dell (AP, October 1996)

RELIGION AND THE CHURCH

Death Penalty and Religion Links by The Theology Library.
Thorough collection of 82 mainly religious death penalty links on the web, almost entirely anti-death penalty, put together by Gerald Darring, teacher at a catholic high school in Alabama. Death Penalty Links from the AlaPadre.Net
51 up-to-date death penalty links, with an emphasis on religion, from Alapadre.Net (formerly the Catholic Corner), a one-stop Catholic study center, by Rev. John J. Stryjewski, Grand Bay, Alabama. National Conference of Catholic Bishops.
United States Catholic Conference. Links to statements on the Death Penalty from individual bishops, state and national catholic conferences, and from the Vatican. Pope John Paul II Encyclical Letter Against Capital Punishment.
Excerpts from encyclical letter "Evangelium Vitae" (The Gospel of Life) issued by Pope John Paul II on March 25, 1995 after four years of consultations with the world's Roman Catholic bishops, declaring that execution is only appropriate "in cases of absolute necessity" to defend society. Catholics Against Capital Punishment.
National advocay group against capital punishment, with a good set of mostly anti-death penalty links, with an emphasis on religion; New language of Catechism of the Catholic Church on the death penalty; Bibliography of statements by U.S. Bishops on Capital Punishment. Choose Life: Catholic Teaching and the Death Penalty. (Indiana Catholic Conference)
Anti-Death Penalty policy statement, quoting from Pope John Paul II and the U.S. Catholic Bishops, suggesting that Life Without Parole passed by Indiana legislature is sufficient to meet the need to protect society. Christianity and the Death Penalty. (Justice For All)
Thorough Pro-Death Penalty article with significant Biblical citations and references, with commentary from Justice For All. Capital Punishment and Christianity. (Wesley Lowe)
Thorough Pro-Death Penalty article with significant Biblical citations and references, with commentary from Wesley Lowe. PFADP: People of Faith Against the Death Penalty Homepage.
A special project of the North Carolina Council of Churches, dedicated to the abolition of capital punishment. Statements from prominent North Carolinans from the Ex-Governors to Dean Smith. Short commentary on "7 Myths of the Death Penalty." Religious Organizing Against the Death Penalty Project.
Links to statements on capital punishment from most major religions in the United States. The Bible's Teaching on Capital Punishment by Logos Christian Resources.
Online ministry with citations from Old and New Testament and good discussion supporting Capital Punishment, David L. Brown Th.M. (1992) "The Sword of the Revenger: The Biblical Basis For Capital Punishment," by Greg Loren Durand.
Lengthy and well-referenced pro-death penalty essay based upon the fundamentals of Christianity. (1995) "The Death Penalty as Rejection of God's Justice," by Peter Gathje.
Anti-death penalty article from Peter Gathje, teacher of Christian Ethics and Peace Studies at the Christian Brothers University, Memphis, Tennessee. "What the Bible Says," from America's Project.
Crimes punishable by death; Methods of Execution; Standard of Evidence; Words of Jesus of Nazareth, from the World Policy Institute's America's Project. The Pope Versus the Death Penalty by Fr. David C. Trosch. (1999)
Pro-Death Penalty essay criticizing the anti-death penalty policies of Pope John Paul II, with links and citations to the Sequential Authority Structure and the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Pro-Capital Punishment by Kerby Anderson of Probe Ministries International.
Thoughtful pro-death penalty essay addressing the arguments of abolitionists, with emphasis on religion by Kerby Anderson of Probe Ministries International. "Mother Teresa on Death Row," by Michael Wayne Hunter on California Death Row.
Short article by an inmate on California Death Row, describing the impact of Mother Teresa's 1987 San Quentin visit. Presbyterian General Assemblies Statements in Opposition to the Death Penalty.
Links to major public policy statements opposing the death penalty from the Presbyterian General, issued in 1959, 1977, 1978, and 1985. United Methodist Against the Death Penalty. (UMADP)
The Death Penalty Network was designed for United Methodists to encourage each other, to share ideas, worship materials, sermons, success stories, and anti-death penalty legislation. A Theological Essay Against Capital Punishment by Kenneth Cauthen
Excerpts from the book "Toward a New Modernism" by Kenneth Cauthen, with an emphasis on theology and ethics. (1997) "The Death Penalty Only Serves to Further Dehumanize Society," by Rev. Dale Turner. (Seattle Times March 18, 2000)
Short but well written anti-death penalty article/essay, emphasizing moral and philosophical arguments. "Clergy Wrestles With Death Penalty," by Charles Austin. (Bergen Record June 10, 2001)
The struggle of most anti-death penalty clergy to promote their message, even in light of the remorseless mass murderer, Timothy McVeigh. "The Death Penalty: A Christian Defense," by Tom Flannery. (Christian.Com 2000)
As Paul wrote, governments have the moral authority and obligation to execute capital criminals (Rom. 13:1-4). The sooner we recognize this as a society, the better off we'll all be. "State Killing: An Office Guide to the Death Penalty. (Mennonites)
Anti-Death Penalty talking points, summary of arguments from the Mennonite Central Committee Washington, with blueprint for Practical Actions Against Capital Punishment. (2000) "The Death Penalty: One Atheist's Position," by Ellen Johnson. (1998)
Personal statement of Ellen Johnson, President of American Atheists. Mishpatim: On Delivering Punishment to Fit the Crime
Thoughts on the Torah and punishment by Rabbi Stephen Pearce, Jewish Bulletin of Northern California.(1996) Rabbi Black's Statement Against the Death Penalty. (March 1999)
Transcript of Rabbi Black's Statements on his participation in a statewide Press Conference on the Death Penalty in Albequerque, New Mexico - March 1999. "Jewish Death Row Inmate Fights for Religious Freedom," by Teresa Strasser. (Jewish Bulletin, April 12, 1996)
Article on the struggles of California Death Row inmate Chay'im Ben-Sholom to exercise his orthodox jewish faith, demanding kosher prison diet. 1846 Essay by Church of Christ Minister Campbell on Capital Punishment
The 19th Century Restoration Movement, founded by Alexander Campbell, spawned several distinct religious groups including the Churches of Christ, the Christian Churches, and the Disciples of Christ. This long essay, entitled "Is Capital Punishment Sanctioned by Divine Authority?", details the church view on capital punishment. 1847 Reply to Campbell on Capital Punishment by Tolbert Fanning
Tolbert Fanning on Capital Punishment: A Reply to Alexander Campbell. From: "CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. NO.2" in: Christian Review, Vol. 4 (Franklin College, June 1847). Reformed Church in America Against Capital Punishment.
Reformed Church in America Perspective on Capital Punishment, reports to the General Synod in 1965 and 1966. "The Death Penalty," from Evangelist Richard Ciarrocca.
Short death penalty policy statement from Evangelist Richard Ciarrocca (Pilgrim Fundamental Baptist Press) "Objections to Capital Punishment Answered," by John A. Kohler, III.
Short biblical answers to common objections raised against capital punishment. (Morris Fork, West Virginia Baptist Church) A Social Statement on the Death Penalty by the Evangelical Lutheran Church. (1991)
A Statement on the Death Penalty by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, adopted by a two-thirds vote at the Churchwide Assembly of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, meeting in Orlando, Florida, August 28-September 4, 1991. "Capital Punishment" an article from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia.
An article on capital punishment from The Catholic Encyclopedia (1913) by John Willey Willis, as transcribed by Carl H. Horst from the New Advent Catholic Website. Catholic Bishops of Illinois Statement on Capital Punishment. (1996)
Statement on Capital Punishment by the Catholic Bishops of Illinois (February 1996), with the full support of the Catholic Conference of Illinois, Archdiocese of Chicago. U.S. Catholic Bishops Statement on the Death Penalty. (1980)
U.S. Catholic Bishops' Statement on Capital Punishment, Approved by the U.S. Bishops in November 1980. A Letter from the Kentucky Bishops on Capital Punishment. (1996)
Statement on Capital Punishment by the Catholic Bishops of Kentucky. (December 1996). "Pope's U.S. Visit Delays Killer's Execution, by James Langton. (London Telegraph January 24, 1999)
London news article on the commutation of the death sentence for convicted multiple murderer Darrell Mease by Missouri Governor Carnahan, at the request of Pope John Paul II. On the Value and Inviolability of Human Life - Evangelium Vitae. (Pope John Paul II March 25, 1995)
Statement and policy of the Catholic Church issued by the Vatican and Pope John Paul II in 1995, including statements against capital punishment except in the most extraordinary circumstances. "Death Penalty is Murder, Says Vatican," by Bruce Johnston. (London Telegraph January 30, 1997)
London news article trumpeting a new edition of the Roman Catholic Catechism, due out in 1998, which will for the first time put capital punishment on a par with murder. The new edition would "totally incorporate" the Pope's view that there were virtually no cases in which society must be defended through the application of the death sentence. "Death for death? A family asks mercy for a son," By Claire Schaeffer-Duffy. (National Catholic Reporter January 19, 2001)
Death Penalty aricle detailing the final days before execution of Mark Andrew Fowler, and his catholic family, including his plea for clemency before the Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board. The Death Penalty and the Catholic Church. (St. Anthony Messenger Online)
Religious links and articles, including The Pope's 1999 Appeal to America, Sister Helen Prejean, The Bible and Death Penalty, Cardinals Appeal for McVeigh, A Prayer to Abolish the Death Penalty, and more. "Cardinal Calls for Reverence of all Human Life," by Dave Hosick. (Evansville Courier February 27, 2001)
Short article reporting on the anti-death penalty statements of Roman Catholic Cardinal Francis George of Chicago during a visit to Evansville, Indiana. "Gettelfinger Hopes to Change Death Penalty Attitudes," by Maureen Hayden. (Evansville Courier February 17, 2001)
Short article reporting on the anti-death penalty efforts of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Evansville, Gerald Gettelfinger. "Churches Draw Bead on Death Penalty," by MAria Sanminiatelli. (AP/Evansville Courier February 17, 2001)
Religious leaders in the South and around the nation are speaking out against capital punishment more loudly than ever, emboldened by a shift in public opinion and cases of innocence on death row. Religious Reflections on the Death Penalty. (Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life June 5, 2001)
Religious perspectives on the death penalty in light of recent events. Panelists representing a number of differing positions on capital punishment will reflect on the interplay of theological, ethical, political and social concerns. (With transcript and capital punishment issue paper) A Conference on: The Morality of the Death Penalty (Catholic University March 29, 2001)
The Interdisplinary Program in Law and Religion of the Catholic University Law School with The School of Religious Studies presents a conference: The Morality of the Death Penalty, The Challenge for Law, Society, and Religion. Death Sentence 2000, an Interfaith Forum for Humanity.
Anti-Death Penalty Conference September 24, 2000, Evanston, Illinois. Capital Punishment, Death Penalty in Islam.
The Islamic View of Capital Punishment. Qur'anic Criminal Justice System - "Capital Punishment, Death Penalty in Islam" - Equivalence is the Law [2:178-179], from Submission.Org. Message Supporting a Moratorium on the Death Penalty from The Dalai Lama.
Statement from His Holiness, Tenzin Gyatso, The Fourteenth Dalai Lama of Tibet. (From the website of The Engaged Zen Foundation, Ramsey, New Jersey. Message Supporting a Moratorium on the Death Penalty from The Dalai Lama.
Statement from the Dalai Lama, read by Kobutsu Shido at the "Creating a Legacy" event. (April 9, 1999). Pax Christi USA: National Catholic Peace Movement
A position paper against the death penalty with references to abolitionist propaganda as well as statements from catholic leaders and catholic teachings. Perspective on the Death Penalty (Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance)
Thorough article on Capital Punishment/Death Penalty (anti-death penalty), with links, from the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. (1995-1999) The Church and the Death Penalty.
Very short anti-death penalty essay with biblical references from unknown Geocities author. "Is Capital Punishment Biblical?" by Jim Watkins.
Short anti-death penalty excerpts from the book "Death & Beyond" (1992) James N. Watkins. Friends Committee on National Legislation.
Quaker anti-death penalty homepage with policy statements, legislative initiatives, and links to death penalty-related topics. The Bible and Capital Punishment," from Stand to Reason. (Gregory Koukl)
Well organized study outline discussing the Bible and the Death Penalty. (1994) Buddha.Net on Capital Punishment
Anti-death penalty teachings of Buddha. "Throwing Stones," by Steve Merten.
Hundreds of biblical verses in support of Capital Punishment, interpreted by a self-described pro-capital punishment catholic. Interview with Death Row Chaplain Jim Brazzil.
Interview with Texas Death Row Chaplain Jim Brazzll from PBS Frontline. Interview with former Death Row Chaplain Carroll Pickett.
Interview with Rev. Carroll Pickett, who served 16 years as Texas Death Row Chaplain, from PBS Frontline. "Thou Shalt Not Kill" by Joyce Marcel.
Short anti-death penalty article based upon the Commandment "Thou Shalt Not Kill," by Joyce Marcel. ("God gives and takes lives, and it is not for us to play God") "Capital Punishment: Points to Consider," by Jim Forest. (InCommunion.Com)
Short anti-death penalty essay. "To this day priests are forbidden to kill, a law which comes down from the prohibition within the early Church of killing for all baptized persons. Consider why such a canon exists." Priests For Life.
Death, whether of an unborn child or of a convicted criminal, does not bring us closer to a civilization of love, but rather feeds the mistaken and dangerous notion that killing is a solution to our problems. The Clergy Coalition to End Executions.
An international interfaith coalition which supports alternatives to the death penalty. Lux Vertatis: The Death Penalty.
Organization dedicated to the philosophy of the Catholic Church, with citations to the Catechism and the Pope. Unitarian Universalists Against the Death Penalty.
A social action group and independent affiliate of the Unitarian Universalist Association, organized in 1996, seeking to give witness resolutions of past years calling for an end to capital punishment.

PUBLIC OPINION

Polling Report.Com.
Up-to-date public opinion polls on capital punishment from various sources, including Harris Polls, Gallup Polls, ABC/NBC/CNN/Fox News Polls; Also includes polls on Fear of Crime, Crime Victims, DNA, and Police. Gallup Poll showing 65% - 27% in favor of Death Penalty (May 10-14, 2001)
Public Opinion Supports Death Penalty - The Gallup Organization, Princeton, NJ. ABC News/Washington Post Poll showing 63% - 28% in favor of Death Penalty (April 20-24, 2001)
Poll showing public support for death penalty 63%-28%, but when asked preference on penalties for murder, 46% for death penalty and 45% for Life Without Parole; 51% favor a national moratorium. Poll was conducted by telephone among a random national sample of 1,003 adults. The results have a three-point error margin. Data collection and tabulation by ICR- International Communications Research of Media, Pa. Gallup Poll showing 66% - 28% in favor of Death Penalty (February 14-15, 2000)
"Support for Death Penalty Drops to Lowest Level in 19 Years, Although Still High at 66%. Widespread agreement, even among those who favor it, that innocent people sometimes get death penalty," by Frank Newport. (In Favor or Oppose DP? DP or LWOP? Imposed Too Often or Not Enough? Has Innocent Person Ever Been Sentenced to Death?) The Gallup Organization, Princeton, NJ Public Opinion Polls on Capital Punishment.
Public attitudes toward crime and criminal justice-related topics: Capital Punishment. Public opinion polls (Harris, Roper, Gallup, Sam Houston State) from the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics (Acrobat format) "Death Penalty Remains in Favor: Public Still Supports Ultimate Punishment," by Daniel Merkle. (ABCNews.Com June 20, 2000)
June 2000 ABC Poll showing public support at 63%-27% in favor of death penalty. Harris Poll showing 64% - 25% in favor of Death Penalty. (July 13-17, 2000)
Support for Death Penalty Down Sharply from Last Year, but still 64-25 in favor - Harris Interactive. Harris Poll showing 71% - 21% in favor of Death Penalty. (July 16-20, 1999)
Support for Death Penalty Still Strong - Harris Interactive. Texas: "Support for Death Penalty Still Strong," by Christopher Lee. (Dallas Morning News June 22, 2000)
Results of a Scripps-Howard Texas Poll based on telephone interviews with 1,000 adult Texans conducted from May 22 to June 16, 2000. (3% margin of error) 73% in favor of capital punishment. (81 percent of whites, 44 percent of blacks and 55 percent of Hispanics) "What Sways US Views on Death Penalty," by John Dillin. (Christian Science Monitor June 8, 2001)
Article on recent CSMonitor/Tipp Poll (May 3-7, 2001) showing Americans favor capital punishment by 2-1 margin. Public Attitudes Toward Capital Punishment.
Public support for capital punishment by race, sex, and region 1972-96 (with graphs); 1995 Gallup Survey, from Professor Michael C. Kearl, Trinity University Socioloigist. Death Penalty Information Center - Public Opinion.
Public Opinion About the Death Penalty - Alternatives to the Death Penalty; Law Enforcement Views on the Death Penalty; State polls from Texas, Michigan, Virginia, Illinois, Ohio, Texas, Kentucky, Canada and more.. (slanted commentary) "Split Decision on the Death Penalty," by Dalia Sussman. (ABCNews.Com January 19, 2000)
ABC News article citing recent ABC News and Gallup polls, and concluding that "Public support for the death penalty is high but hardly monolithic: It drops sharply, below a majority, when life in prison without parole is offered as an alternative." Ohio State Survey Shows Ohioans Support Death Penalty 74% - 23%. (October 1999)
The College of Social and Behavioral Sciences' Center for Survey Research at Ohio State University has conducted a study examining the opinions of Ohioans regarding the use of the Death Penalty. The information for this survey was gathered through telephone interviews conducted from October 8, 1999, through October 31, 1999, with 819 randomly selected adults throughout the state of Ohio. 74% of the respondents were in favor of capital punishment. Florida Poll Favors Change to Lethal Injection.
In a New York Times survey, among the two-thirds of those Floridians participating in the survey who said they favored capital punishment, 49 percent advocated lethal injection, substantially more than the 27 percent who said the state should keep using the electric chair. Thirteen percent of death penalty supporters favored both execution methods, while 8 percent backed neither. "Most Floridians would retire Old Sparky," by Alan Judd in the Gainesville Sun. (February 18, 1998) California: 73% Favor Moratorium Until Fairness Studied. (SF Chronicle June 22, 2000)
News article on a Field Institute Poll, conducted June 9-18, 2000, showing that while 63% support the death penalty in California, 73% favor a halt of all executions until a study of its fairness in California is carried out. Results are from a telephone survey of 493 California adults, with a margin of error of 4.5 percentage points. "The Case Against the Death Penalty: Public Opinion," by Hugo Adam Bedau. (July 1992)
Short summary of anti-death penalty argument that public support for the death penalty disappears when given the option of Life Without Parole plus restitution. "Poll Shows Alabama Death Penalty Support May be Shrinking," by William Rabb. (Mobile Register July 2, 2000)
Mobile Register/University of South Alabama poll taken in June 2000 shows 63%-25% in favor of capital punishment suggesting a decline in support from the past. 415 Alabama adults were surveyed. More Blacks are Backing Capital Punishment Now," by Wayne Wooley. (Detroit News, October 11, 1996)
Detroit News article describing the increase in black support for the death penalty from 40% in 1974 to 57% in 1996, according to polls taken by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. Californians Attitudes about the Death Penalty. (1989)
The results of a statewide public opinion poll conducted by Professors Craig Haney and Aida Hurtado of the University of California at Santa Cruz and financed by Death Penalty Focus of California, Amnesty International USA, the American Civil Liberties Unions of Northern and Southern California, and the Friends Committee on Legislation. "Despite Polls and Setbacks, Death Penalty Foes Struggle On," by Kristen Campbell. (Religion News, August 28, 1997)
Short anti-Death Penalty article claiming soft spot in public support favoring death. "Public Support Weakening, But the Death Penalty Will Be Slow to Die" by Michael Kroll. (CSIndy.Com February 16, 2000)
Anti-Death Penalty editorial, suggesting that the recent moratorium in Illinois, the defeat of George W. Bush in New Hampshire, the stance of Pope John Paul, and the film Dead Man Walking, have made a significant impact on public opinion. ABCNews.Com Survey - Death Penalty vs. Life Without Parole. (January 12-16, 2000)
Short news article on an ABC News.com survey conducted by telephone Jan. 12-16, 2000, from a random national sample of 1,006 adults. The results have a three-point error margin, and showing support for the death penalty at only 48% when given the option of LWOP. By Gary Langer and the ABCNEWS Polling Unit. "Majority Still Support Ohio's Death Penalty," by Alan Johnson (Columbus Dispatch August 6, 2000)
Short news article on a Buckeye State Poll showing that Ohioans continue to support the death penalty even though half of them believe it likely innocent people have been executed. The poll was conducted by a telephone survey of 794 randomly selected Ohio adults July 10-24, 2000. The poll has a margin of error of 3.5 percentage points.

WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS

Some Twentieth Century Erroneous Executions
List and summary of cases of supposed wrongful executions, from Michael L. Radelet, Hugo Adam Bedau, and Constance Putnam, "In Spite of Innocence: Erroneous Convictions in Capital Cases." Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1992, Bedau and Radelet, "Miscarriages of Justice in Potentially Capital Cases." Stanford Law Review 40 (1987):21-179. Justice For All: A Response to the Bedau and Radelet Study.
Justice For All article "Death Penalty and Sentencing Information: The Risk of Executing the Innocent." A thoughtful response to the Bedau and Radelet Study. "The Guilty and the Innocent," by Paul G. Cassell. (Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy Spring 1999)
An examination of alleged cases of wrongful conviction from false confessions, from Paul G. Cassell, a University of Utah law professor, emerging as one of the few spokesmen to challenge the anti-death penalty movement. Statement of Paul G. Cassell on Claims of Innocence in Capital Cases. (House of Representatives July 23, 1993)
Full statement of Paul G. Cassell, Associate Law Professor at the University of Utah, given to the Committee on the Judiciary, United States House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights, concerning claims of innocence in capital cases. ". . . the risk to innocent life from failing to carry out capital sentences imposed under contemporary safeguards far outweighs the speculative and remote risk that an execution might be in error. Case Summaries of 13 Illinois "Exonerations." (IllinoisDeathPenalty.Com)
Summaries of the 13 cases where Illinois Death Row inmates were freed from prison after evidence of innocence was shown, acquitted on retrial, or murder charges dropped following reversal of conviction. The Risk of Wrongful Execution of the Innocent. (Wesley Lowe)
Excerpt from Pro-Death Penalty article, addressing the risk of executing the innocent. "USA: Increasing Concern Over Execution of the Innocent." (Amnesty International June 2000)
Short Amnesty International Report with the usual sensational and slanted U.S. death penalty news to the world. The Case for Innocence. (PBS Frontline January 11, 2000)
Why do inmates remain in prison despite DNA evidence which exonerates them with near certainty? Documentary focusing on the DNA revolution in technology and spotlighting four cases of death row inmates: Earl Washington (Virginia), Clyde Charles (Louisiana), Roy Criner (Texas), and Roger O'Dell (Virginia), all asserting innocence. Originally aired on January 11, 2000 on PBS. "Shadows of Doubt Haunt Executions," by Mills, Possley and Armstrong. (Chicago Tribune December 17, 2000)
Two Part Tribune article advocating the innocence of three recent inmates executed: Wilburn Henderson (1998 Arkansas), Alvin R. Moore Jr. (1987 Louisiana), and Bennie Demps (2000 Florida). "Executing the Innocent," by Elizabeth A. Linehan, St. Joseph's University (1998).
Address to the 20th World Congress of Philosophy in Boston, August 1998. Any criminal justice system carries the risk of punishing innocent persons, but the punishment of death is unique and requires greater precautions. The risk of executing innocent persons is a decisive objection to the institution of capital punishment in the United States. Consequentialist arguments for the death penalty are inconclusive at best; the strongest justification is a retributive one. However, this argument is seriously undercut if a significant risk of executing the innocent exists. "Questions of Innocence: Legal Roadblocks on Appeal," by Mills, Possley and Armstrong. (Chicago Tribune December 18, 2000)
Tribune article advocating the innocence of Leo Jones, executed in 1998 by the state of Florida for the sniper killing of a police officer. Death Penalty Information Center.
Two lengthy reports which include short summaries of cases: "Innocence and the Death Penalty: The Increasing Danger of Executing the Innocent" (1997), and "Innocence and the Death Penalty: Assessing the Danger of Mistaken Executions" (1993); List of 96 defendants released from death row due to innocence in the opinion of DPIC; List of those executed despite doubts about guilt. An Analysis of the Death Penalty Information Center "Innocence List." (ProDeathPenalty.Com 2000)
The DPIC report claiming 87 innocents released from feath row has been accepted as definitive. However, when its premises and sources are examined, it becomes clear that the DPIC has vastly misled the public and overstated the problem. This article explains that many cases of allegedly innocent defendants should be eliminated from the DPIC list. "Innocence and the Death Penalty." by Dudley Sharp. (ProDeathPenalty.Com April 16, 2000)
Short article distinguishing between the factually innocent and the legally innocent, from Dudley Sharp, Justice For All, Director of Death Penalty Resources. "The Last Guys Proved Innocent," by Ann Coulter. (Jewish World Review June 27, 2000)
Short commentary on the 1980's fraud perpetrated by the anti-death penalty forces through the Bedau and Radelet study of innocents executed, with the willing assistance of the media, and the response by Markman and Cassell. "Are Innocent People Being Executed In The U.S.?" (National Center for Policy Analysis)
Abstract of article by Eugene H. Methvin, "Death Penalty Is Fairer Than Ever," Wall Street Journal, May 10, 2000. "Nebraska Death-Row Inmate Set Free," by Scott Bauer. (AP/APBNews June 13, 2001)
Article announcing the release of Nebraska Death Row inmate Jeremy Sheets, following the reversal of his murder conviction by the Nebraska Supreme Court. Sheets had served 3 years on death row following his conviction in 1997. The Court threw out a taped statement by an accomplice implicating Sheets, which was played at the trial. Without the tape, prosecutors decided that there was insufficient evidence to retry him for the murder and rape. Highlights of The National Conference on Wrongful Convictions. (Northwestern University November 13 - 15, 1998)
Highlights of a Conference held at the Northwestern University Law Center in Chicago, including assembling 30 innocent death row survivors, and media accounts of the Conference; Tips for the wrongly convicted; A portrait of the survivors; Signs of innocence. "Life After Death Row," by Sara Rimer. (NYTimes Magazine December 10, 2000)
Summaries of the cases and life after exoneration of Rolando Cruz (Illinois), Kirk Bloodsworth (Maryland), Earl Washington (Virginia), James Richardson (Florida), Ronald Williamson (Oklahoma), and Walter McMillian (Alabama). "High-Powered Panel Probes the Death Penalty," by Robert Anthony Phillips. (APBNews June 8, 2000)
The heavyweight panel is called the National Committee to Prevent Wrongful Executions and is the brainchild of the Constitution Project, a Washington-based nonprofit group that studies constitutional issues. Mandatory Justice: Eighteen Reforms to the Death Penalty. (The Constitution Project June 27, 2001)
A distinguish panel, but with a clear anti-death penalty slant, make up The Constitution Project, Death Penalty Initiative. (Includes well-known anti-death penalty activists former New York Governor Mario Cuomo, former Florida Chief Justice Gerald Kogan, and former Baltimore Mayor Kurt Schmoke. Their report was presented to the United States Senate, Committee on the Judiciary on June 27, 2001 at hearings on "Protecting the Innocent: Ensuring Competent Counsel in Death Penalty Cases." Their recommendations include: adequate compensation, standards and training for defense counsel; the removal of certain classes of defendants and homicides from death penalty eligibility; greater flexibility for introducing evidence that casts doubt on a conviction or sentence; gathering of data on the role of race in capital punishment and involvement of all races in the decision-making process; elimination of a judge's ability to impose a death sentence despite a jury recommendation for life imprisonment; and requiring prosecutors to open their files to the defense in death penalty cases. "The Quality of Justice in Capital Cases: Illinois as a Case Study," by Leigh B. Bienen.
(61 Law & Contemp. Probs. 193 Autumn 1998) Thoroughly referenced law review article, though highly moralistic, highlighting the problems in the Illinois Capital Punishment system, zeroing in on corrupt Judges and Prosecutors, and wrongful convictions. Innocents Killed? (Capital Defender's Toolbox)
Despite enormous protections offered by the federal and states constitutions throughout this country, many persons have been executed despite evidence of their innocence. I offer my list of names and some of the evidence. (1998) "Illegal Convictions and Sentences to Capital Punishment," by William M. Holmes. (Criminal Justice Policy Review 1999)
The paper examines the prevalence of illegal capital convictions and sentences to death in the United States, from 1976 to 1992. Data are analyzed from all capital convictions and sentences to death row during this period, using information from the death row imprisonment file in the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data. The findings show that more than 40 percent of all original capital convictions or sentences are overturned as illegal--either in the conviction for the crime, the capital sentence, or for illegal elements in the capital statutes. (The author is a sociology professor at the University of Massachusetts, Boston.) "Wrongful Convictions and Illegal Sentences to Capital Punishment," by William M. Holmes.
The paper examines the prevalence of wrongful convictions and sentences to death in the United States, from 1976 to 1992. Data are analyzed from all capital convictions and sentences to death row during this period, using information from the death row imprisonment file in the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data. Data are available on over 6,000 offenders sentenced to death row during this period. Of these, 2,134 had their convictions overturned and 238 individuals had a new court disposition by 1992. The findings show that 24 percent of these 238 capital convictions that resulted in a new court disposition turn out to have been wrongful convictions, as indicated by not guilty verdicts upon retrial or having all charges dropped. (The author is a sociology professor at the University of Massachusetts, Boston.) "Righting Wrongful Convictions: The Need for Federal Legislation." (FCNL June 27, 2000)
National lobbying effort by FCNL, the Friends Committee on National Legislation, a Quaker lobby in the public interest, seeking to bring the concerns, experiences and testimonies of the Religious Society of Friends to bear on policy decisions in the nation's capital. Potential Cases of Wrongful Conviction from Citizens United for Alternatives to the Death Penalty.
List of 34 current death row prisoners across the country who were wrongly convicted according to this anti-death penalty organization, with very short slanted summaries of their cases. Acts of Injustice from Bobbi Isbell. (Acts of Innocence 2001)
Innocent people are mistakenly convicted of serious crimes. The prosecutorial system collects evidence, connives, amplifies and creates, in order to secure the conviction of someone they have already determined is guilty, but for which they do not have enough factual evidence. Our grass roots support site will try to inform, empower and give information to all who have suffered an act of injustice. Spotlights several "innocent" inmates. (not limited to death row) Vermont Senator Patrick Leahy Press Release on the Innocence Protection Act of 2001.
Citizens Coalition for the Wrongfully Accused: Opening the Blinded Eyes of Justice.
"Prosecuting the Prosecutors Accused of Railroading Rolando Cruz." (ABCNews March 14, 1999)
Illinois' 13 Exonerated Death Row Prisoners Since 1977. (Chicago Tribune)
Wrongful Murder Convictions (Illinois & U.S.)
Anthony Porter: "Death Row Reprieve," by Tammy Webber. (ABCNews.Com February 5, 1999)
"Death Penalty Dilemma: Executing the Innocent?" by Charles Bierbauer. (CNN.Com February 24, 2000)
Probably Innocent, Almost Executed by Stuart Taylor. (Legal Times 01-01-96)
Justice Denied: The Magazine for the Wrongly Convicted.
ACLU: Habeas Corpus Reform Impacts on the Innocent.
"The Death Penalty: Wrongful Convictions," by Lester S. Garrett (Liberty Magazine March 1996)
Fatal Flaws: Innocence and the Death Penalty. (Amnesty International, 1998)
"The Case Against the Death Penalty: The Inevitability of Error," by Hugo Adam Bedau. (July 1992)
"New Look at Death Penalty: Quixote Center "Reasonable Doubt Report," by Seth Hettena. (AP October 27, 2000)
"Trial & Error: Prosecutors Lie for Convictions" (1999 Chicago Tribune)
"Win at All Costs: Government Misconduct in the Name of Expedient Justice" (1998 Pittsburgh Post)
"Killing Justice: Government Misconduct and the Death Penalty," by Michael Kroll. (DPIC, 1994)
"Viewpoint: Evidence that Innocent are Executed Doesn’t Exist," by Robert V. Pambianco. (Evansville Courier July 5, 2000)
"Prosecutors Are Master Framers," by Hans Sherrer. (Justice Denied, the Magazine for the Wrongly Convicted)
"Prosecute the Prosecutors Who Wrongly Convicted," by Robert Pauley. (St. Petersburg Times September 6, 1999)
"Failure of the Death Penalty in Illinois," by Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills. (Chicago Tribune November 1999)
Truth in Justice: Working to Free the Wholly Innocent of Crimes They Did Not Commit.
Florida: Retiring Justice has "Grave Doubts" On Guilt of Some Executed (1999 AP)
The Risk of Lethal Error in Death Penalty Cases (1998 Amnesty International)
"Life After Death Row: Wrongfully Convicted Inmates Speak Out," by Buck Wolf. (ABC News, December 15, 1998)
"The Wrong Men on Death Row." (U.S. News Online, November 9, 1998)
Death Penalty Legal Representation Project for the Innocent.
"A Reckoning on Death Row," by Jonathan Alter. (MSNBC Newsweek June 25, 2000)
"The Wrong Man," by Alan Berlow. (The Atlantic Monthly, November 1999)
Guilty Until Proven Innocent. (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)
"Innocence Found on Death Row," by Christopher Smart. (Salt Lake Weekly Wire, August 4, 1997)
"In Wake of Wrongful Convictions,Is Capital Punishment Worth Keeping?" by Geraldine Sealey. (ABCNews March 6, 2000)
"The Truth Could Set Them Free," by Jayne Keedle. (The Hartford Advocate, October 22, 1998)
"Truth is Blurred by Eyewitnesses in Death Row Cases," by Eric Zorn. (Chicago Tribune May 8, 2001)
"New Study Again Undercuts Reliability of Eyewitness Identification." (About.Com June 22, 2000)
"What Jennifer Saw: Examining Eyewitness Error." (PBS Frontline 1998)
"Questions of Innocence: Legal roadblocks thwart new evidence on appeal," By Steve Mills. (Chicago Tribune December 18, 2000 )
"Errors that make Wrongful Convictions Frighteningly Common, by Jayne Keedle. (The Hartford Advocate, November 19, 1998)
"Death of Innocents," by Jayne Keedle. (The Hartford Advocate, December 1998)
"The Death of Innocents," by Patricia Grauer. (About.Com November 18,1998)
"Controversies on Death Row." (Time June 16, 1997)
"Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, The Other Side of the Story," by Cal Deal.
"Carrying Justice: Overturning Wrongful Convictions Left to Students," by David Moberg. (Salon.Com March 1, 2000)
A Real Audio interview with Randall Dale Adams, from Hugh LaFollette, East Tennessee State University.
"Freed from Florida Death Row," By Sydney P. Freedberg. (St. Petersburg Times, July 4, 1999)
"The Wrong Men on Death Row." (US News Online November 9, 1998)
"A Conservative Case Against Capital Punishment," by Carl M. Cannon. (National Review June 19, 2000)
"Innocent on Death Row," by George Will. (Washington Post April 6, 2000)

DNA

The Case for Innocence. (PBS Frontline January 11, 2000)
Why do inmates remain in prison despite DNA evidence which exonerates them with near certainty? Documentary focusing on the DNA revolution in technology and spotlighting four cases of death row inmates: Earl Washington (Virginia), Clyde Charles (Louisiana), Roy Criner (Texas), and Roger O'Dell (Virginia), all asserting innocence. Originally aired on January 11, 2000 on PBS. "Post-Conviction DNA Testing: When is Justice Served?" (United States Senate June 13, 2000)
Summary of proceedings before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee considering bills by Chairman Orin Hatch of Utah and Ranking Minority member Patrick Leahy of Vermont. Also includes full written statements of all witnesses appearing before the Committee. National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence. (United States Attorney General)
The Attorney General directed the National Institute of Justice to establish and administer a commission with the purpose of providing the Attorney General with recommendations on the use of current and future DNA methods, applications and technologies in the operation of the criminal justice system, from the crime scene to the courtroom, in order to maximize the value of forensic DNA Evidence in the criminal justice system. Hot Topics: DNA. (New York state Defenders)
Scores of links to news articles, reports, and resources. "Convicted by Juries, Exonerated by Science." (National Institute of Justice June 1996)
Case Studies in the Use of DNA Evidence to Establish Innocence - by Edward Connors, Thomas Lundregan, Neal Miller, Tom McEwen, staff members of the Institute for Law and Justice, Alexandria, Virginia. The Innocence Project from Yeshiva University Cordozo School of Law.
A clinical law student program providing pro bono legal assistance to inmates who are challenging their convictions based on DNA testing of evidence, though clients must obtain funding for testing. Founded in 1992 by Barry Scheck, Professor of Law, and Peter Neufeld, Esq., the Project has represented or assisted in over thirty-six of the sixty-three cases where convictions have been reversed or overturned in the United States. Vermont Senator Patrick Leahy Statement on Post-Conviction DNA Testing. (2001)
Statement of Vermont Senator Patrick Leahy to the Senate Judiciary Committee on Post-Conviction DNA Testing. (June 13, 2001) Utah Senator Orrin Hatch Statement on Post-Conviction DNA Testing. (2001)
Statement of Utah Senator Orrin Hatch to the Senate Judiciary Committee on Post-Conviction DNA Testing. (June 13, 2001) "Death Penalty and DNA," from the CNN.Com Law Center. (June 2000)
"DNA Testing Reveals Flaws in Criminal Justice System," by Stan Swofford. (North Carolina News August 6, 2000)
DNA Testing Ordered in Felker Case; Suspect Executed 4 Years Ago," by Rhonda Cook. (Atlanta Journal July 26, 2000)
Virginia Governor Uses DNA Evidence to Pardon Troy Lynn Webb from Death Row," by Larry O'Dell (AP, October 1996)
"Does DNA Technology Warrant a Death Penalty Moratorium?" by Barbara McCuen. (SpeakOut.Com May 03, 2000)
"OJ Was Proved Innocent," by Ann Coulter. (TownHall.Com June 30, 2000)
"Death Row Inmates, Lifers to Get DNA Aid," by Alex Fryer. (Seattle Times May 1, 2000)
Book Review by Joe Beaird: "Actual Innocence: Making the Case for DNA." (APBNews.Com February 28, 2000)
"Debating DNA: Crimefighting Tool or Invasion of Privacy," by Geraldine Sealey. (ABCNews August 4, 1999)
"Georgia Court Orders Post-Execution DNA Test." (About.Com July 28, 2000)
DNA Test Could Clear Rape, Murder Convict, Earl Washington, Jr. in Virginia. (APBNews.Com April 18, 2000)
Ex-Death Row Inmate, Earl Washington, Jr. Faces New DNA Tests. (APBNews.Com June 2, 2000)
Beyond Innocence: The Dark Side of DNA Testing. (Friends Committe on National Legislation June 27, 2000)
"Increasing Number Say Inmates Should Be Allowed DNA Tests," by Andrea McCarren. (ABCNews June 10, 2000)
"DNA Test Fails to Clear Reprieved Death Row Inmate Ricky McGinn." (CourtTV/AP July 12, 2000)
"Once Spared Condemned Killer, Ricky McGinn, is Executed in Texas." (ABCNews September 27, 2000)
"Halls of Justice: DNA and Death Row," by Beverley Lumpkin. (Washington Post June 16, 2000)
"Fulfilling the Promise of DNA." (ABC News March 13, 2000)

MORATORIUM

"Governor Ryan Declares Moratorium on Executions." (Press Release January 31, 2000)
Press Release issued by Illinois Governor George H. Ryan suspending all executions in the state of Illinois, and appointing a Commission to review the capital punishment system in Illinois. "Illinois Puts Executions on Hold." (APBNews/AP January 31, 2000)
News article on the announcement of Illinois Governor Ryan of a moratorium on executions today, saying he wants to know why more Illinois death sentences have been overturned than carried out, and citing 13 overturned convictions which have spurred a review of the system. "Illinois Governor Picks Death Penalty Panel." (APBNewws/AP March 9, 2000)
Short news article announcing the appointment of a panel by Illinois Governor Ryan to study the death penalty while a moratorium remains in effect. "Death Takes a Holiday: Illinois Halts Executions," by Wendy Cole. (Time February 14, 2000)
Short news article on the announced moratorium on executions in Illinois, and the expected 14th exonerated death row inmate (Edgar Ace Hope) in Illinois in the summer of 2000. "Moratorium on Execution in Illinois," by Geraldine Sealey. (ABCNews January 31, 2000)
With the reputation of his state’s capital punishment system tarnished by a series of wrongful convictions, Illinois Governor George Ryan announced on Monday that he would not allow another execution to take place there until an investigation is completed. (With a listing of the 13 "exonerated" from Illinois Death Row) "Death Row Blunders Spur Execution Moratoriums," by Robert Phillips. (APBNewws/AP February 4, 2000.
News article describing the nationwide effect of wrongfully convicted death row prisoners, which abolitionists see as "hundreds of small successes." "A Talk With Governor George Ryan," by Bruce Shapiro. The Nation January 8, 2001)
Interview with Illinois Governor responsible for the moratorium on executions, his background, experience, and reasoning in making the decision. "Falwell, Robertson at Odds Over Death Penalty." (AP/Detroit News April 11, 2000)
News article describing the opposition of Rev. Jerry Falwell to a death penalty moratorium, despite Pat Robertson's contrary views. A Call for a Moratorium on the Death Penalty in Illinois from the Chicago Council of Lawyers. (March 21, 1997)
Resolution of Illinois Lawyers group that very much sounds like the blueprint adopted by Governor Ryan three years later. "Why I Support The Illinois Death Penalty Moratorium Campaign," by Congressman Jesse Jackson, Jr. (1997)
Short press release of Illinois Congressman justifying his stance against the death penalty and for a moratorium on Illinois executions. 1997 ABA Resolution Seeking a Moratorium on the Death Penalty. (American Bar Association)
Resolution adopted by the House of Delegates of the American Bar Association on February 3, 1997, calling for a moratorium on carrying out death sentences in the United States until the jurisdiction (1) ensures that death penalty cases are administered fairly and impartially, in accordance with due process, and (2) minimizes the risk that innocent persons may be executed. [3. until all Prosecutors are villified and all fees are paid!] 1997 ABA Resolution Seeking a Moratorium on the Death Penalty. (CourtTV)
Complete text of Resolution adopted by the House of Delegates of the American Bar Association on February 3, 1997, calling for a moratorium on carrying out death sentences in the United States until the jurisdiction (1) ensures that death penalty cases are administered fairly and impartially, in accordance with due process, and (2) minimizes the risk that innocent persons may be executed. "A Gathering Momentum: Continuing Impacts of the ABA Call for a Moratorium on Executions." (January 2000)
Report from the American Bar Association Section of Individual Rights and Responsibilities. (148 pg) Legislative, Executive, and Judicial activity and developments toward a moratorium; Impacts within and beyond the legal community. Renewed Call for a Moratorium on the Death Penalty by the ABA. (2000)
July 10, 2000 Press Release from the incoming President of the American Bar Association, Martha Barnett, renewing the call for a moratorium on the federal death penalty, and urging lawyers to review death penalty systems in their states. "ABA Conference Bolsters Momentum to Halt Executions, by Mark Hansen. (ABA Journal December 2000)
Article on the ABA’s "Call to Action: A Moratorium on Executions." The daylong symposium held October 12, 2000 at the Carter Center in Atlanta was designed to mobilize the legal community to become more involved in the moratorium movement. "Pulling the Plug on Executions," by Rhonda McMillion. (ABA Journal November 2000)
Article on the ABA’s call for death penalty moratorium sparking debate in Congress. A Response to the ABA from the Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies.(August 1997)
A detailed report showing a striking pattern of ABA activities and positions that regularly favored the criminal defense position in litigation and legislation, and that the pro-criminal defense orientation of the ABA was in part responsible for prosecutors not joining the ABA or dropping their membership. "ABA Moratorium Demand Not Enough." (NLADA 1997)
Statement of the Board of the National Legal Aid and Defender Association calling for a stronger stand by the American Bar Association. Moratorium 2000.
A campaign for a global petition drive calling for a moratorium on the death penalty, headed by Sister Helen Prejean, Dr. Michael Radelet, and Richard C. Dieter. "Death on Hold" by Dudley Sharp (Ft. Worth Star-Telegram.Com February 5, 2000)
Editorial by Dudley Sharp of Justice for All on the question: In the wake of the Illinois moratorium on executions, should Texas consider something similar? "The Death of Death," by Byron York. (The American Spectator April 2000)
"Death penalty abolitionists could never get the public to support their cause - until they came up with a new way to sell their product." Excellent article exposing some of the supposed "exonerations" leading to a moratorium in Illinois, and the money behind the movement in the MacArthur Justice Center in Chicago. Moratorium Now!, a Campaign of Equal Justice USA, A Project of the Quixote Center
Self-described project seeking to expand public opposition to the death penalty, as well as bring into clear focus the racial, economic and political biases active in U.S. courts, prisons, jails and policing agencies. Message Supporting a Moratorium on the Death Penalty from The Dalai Lama.
Statement from the Dalai Lama, read by Kobutsu Shido at the "Creating a Legacy" event. (April 9, 1999). Illinois: A Welcome for the Death Penalty Moratorium (Loyola Univ)
A welcome for the Illinois death penalty moratorium by the Loyola University Chicago chapter of Amnesty International. "Nebraska Poised to Approve Death Penalty Moratorium." (The Independent.Com/AP May 18, 1999)
News article asking the questions: Why here? Why now? On the verge of the Nebraska Legislature approving a moratorium on executions. New Jerseyans for a Death Penalty Moratorium.
Homepage of New Jersey Organization with a mission to win public and political support for the passage of moratorium bill by the New Jersey State Legislature. Texas Moratorium Network.
The Texas Moratorium Network is a grassroots network of volunteers and organizations working to establish a moratorium on the death penalty in Texas. "Pat Robertson Urges Moratorium on U.S. Executions," by Brooke A. Masters.(Washington Post April 8, 2000)
"Moratorium Movement Growing Against Government Killings: Philadelphia City Council." (The Progress Report 2000)
"Governor George Ryan: Strange Hero," by Leonard Grossman. (Ordinary Potato Series 2000)
The Death Penalty on Trial: Supporting a Moratorium. (Friends Committe on National Legislation June 27, 2000)
"Reno Says She Finds No Basis for Moratorium on Federal Death Penalty," by Terry Frieden. (CNN September 12, 2000)
"Zeal to End the Death Penalty Growing," by Robert F. Drinan. (National Catholic Reporter June 16, 2000)
"Death Knell for the Death Penalty? by Mark Hansen. (ABA Journal Cover Story June 2000)
Testimony of Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold on National Death Penalty Moratorium Act. (2000)

BOTCHED EXECUTIONS

Botched Executions by Michael Radelet at FSU (Updated by DPIC)
Short summaries of 32 Post-Furman botched executions (20 lethal injection, 9 electric chair, 2 gas chamber)by Michael L. Radelet at Florida State University and updated by the Death Penalty Information Center. (06/09/2000) Botched and Wrongful Electrocutions from TheElectricChair.com
Very short summaries of botched electric chair executions (10 in New York prior to 1939 and 8 post-Furman) from TheElectricChair.com. The Shocking Truth About Death in the Electric Chair
Thorough and well-referenced anti-chair article from Karl Keys at Capital Defenders Toolbox, detailing the gruesome psysiology of death by electrocution and the rejection of this method of execution on animals and humans by almost all states; Summaries of scores of botched electrocutions, and some history of execution methods, state by state; Detailed history of the Kentucky Electric Chair. Cruel and Unusual? Prison Editors Help Pull the Plug on an Electric Chair.
Short article by Wendell Smith from the Columbia Journalism Review (Sept 1991), commenting upon botched Louisiana executions and the efforts of the prison magazine, The Angolite, causing a change to lethal injection as the approved method of execution. Botched Execution Prompts Electric Chair Scrutiny in Florida. (CNN 1997)
CNN Miami news article by Correspondent Susan Candiotti following the fiery execution of Pedro Medina on March 25, 1997 in Florida's electric chair, with some interesting quotes from the victim's family. Botched Lethal Injections (Capital Punishment U.K.)
List and short summary of botched lethal injections in the United States from 1983-1995, from Capital Punishment - U.K. "A Twist Before Dying: Execution Snafu," by David Seideman. (Time May 23, 1994)
Short article on the problems encountered during the execution of John Wayne Gacy in Illinois. "Gacy would take 18 minutes to die. A clog developed in the delivery tube attached to his arm. Gacy snorted just before death-chamber attendants pulled a curtain around him as they struggled to clear a tube. Finally, the two lethal drugs streamed into him. The monster was dead. But was the killing itself monstrous?" "Gruesome Execution in 1851 Helped End Death Penalty," by Dennis McCann. (Milwaukee Journal March 24, 1998)
Short history of the death penalty in Wisconsin, detailing the last execution in 1851, where a man convicted of murdering his wife was hanged, but it took nearly 10 minutes for him to die. What if a Stay of Execution is Received After Commencement of the Lethal Injection? (1998)
Oregon Attorney General Opinion on the effect of a stay of execution received by the warden after the process of lethal injection has started. (November 6, 1998)

METHODS OF EXECUTION

Bureau of Justice Statistics: Capital Punishment 1993-99
Yearly publication of the U.S. Department of Justice with detailed statistics and history of the death penalty in the U.S.; Methods of Execution state by state. Availability lags approximately one year behind. Death Penalty Information Center
Methods of Execution, state by state, with recent news reports of changes to lethal injection in Tennessee, Kentucky and Florida; Total number of executions since 1976 by method used; List of executions since 1976 by name, date, state, method, and race of defendant and victim. Death Penalty News and Updates (SMU)
From Rick Halperin and Joan Brett. List of executed prisoners since 1977 by name, date, state, method, and names of victims. Florida Corrections Commission Report: Methods of Execution & Execution Protocols. (September 1997)
State by state comparisons of execution methods, short histories, costs, and detailed protocols. Commission created in the wake of several botched electrocutions in Florida, and a public debate over whether to change to lethal injection. Florida Corrections Commission Report: Execution Methods Used by States. (June 1997)
The Death Penalty in Florida; Executions in the U.S. - A Brief History; Methods Of Execution By State; Survey of States Methods and Protocols; Previous Legislation Proposed by Florida Legislature; Florida's Attorney General Recommendation; Florida Corrections Commission Recommendations; Appendices includes newspaper editorials, diagram of electric chair, internet sources, botched executions, courts upholding use of lethal injection. Amnesty International - USA.
Methods of Execution, state by state. Methods of Execution. (Capital Punishment - U.K.)
A listing of the approved methods of execution in the United States and worldwide throughout history (electrocution, lethal injection, gas chamber, firing squad, hanging, beheading, burning at stake, guillotine), with a summary on the history and procedures of each. Methods of Execution. (Capital Punishment - U.S.A.)
A listing of the approved methods of execution in the United States (electrocution, lethal injection, gas chamber, firing squad, hanging), with a summary on the history and procedures of each, and photos of each. Methods of Execution. (High School Curriculum Michigan State Univ)
A listing of the approved current methods of execution in the United States (electrocution, lethal injection, gas chamber, firing squad, hanging) with a short summary on the history and procedures of each. (with photos) Methods of Execution. (Vanguard by Caz)
A listing of the approved current methods of execution in the United States (electrocution, lethal injection, gas chamber, firing squad, hanging) with a short summary on the history and procedures of each. Reckoning the Death Penalty: Methods of Execution
ABC News Special Report (1998), listing the approved methods of execution in the United States (electrocution, lethal injection, gas chamber, firing squad, and hanging), with a short summary and photos of each. Derechos/Amnesty International. (1996)
Listing of approved methods of execution in the U.S. (electrocution, lethal injection gas chamber, firing squad, and hanging), with states authorizing each use, and a short summary of the procedures and effects on the body. Historical Methods of Torture and Execution.
Very short summaries of execution methods from beheading to burning at the stake from ElectricChair.Com, with some photos and illustrations. Historical Methods of Torture and Execution.
Very short summaries of execution methods from beheading to burning at the stake to lethal injection, with some photos and illustrations, from the Belleville, Illinois Diocese. "Torture Display Ranks Electric Chair With Rack," by Randy Dotinga. (APBNews July 7, 2000)
Short news article on the display of various methods of punishment, execution, and torture, now showing in San Diego, which includes the elctric chair. Sponsored by an Italian Group, the Show decries U.S. method of execution by electrocution. Death Tools from Lorenzo and Paolo.
Listing of various methods of execution through the years (electric chair, gas chamber, hanging, lethal injection, garrotte, shooting, and guillotine), with a short summary of the procedures and effects on the body and photos/illustrations of each. (extreme anti-death penalty slant) The Law's Hall of Horror from the World Wide Legal Information Association.
Short bloody history of torture in the name of punishment for crime, including descriptions of Crucifixion, Drawn and Quartered, and Burning at the Stake. Executioners and Executions from Madame Guillotine.
Short historical summaries of various execution methods in Europe and USA, with emphasis on guillotine, with photos. Capital Punishments: Historical Methods of Execution
Listing of various methods of execution through the years (hanging, decapitation, guillotine, burning at stake, and quartering) with a short summary of the history and procedures with photos/illustrations of each, from Capital Punishments. The Shocking Truth About Death in the Electric Chair
Thorough and well-referenced anti-chair article from Karl Keys at Capital Defenders Toolbox, detailing the gruesome psysiology of death by electrocution and the rejection of this method of execution on animals and humans by almost all states; Summaries of botched electrocutions and some history of execution methods, state by state; Detailed history of Kentucky Electric Chair. Electric Current through an Electric Chair.
Entry in The Physics Factbook by April Dunetz, edited 1998-2000 by Glenn Elert. "America Pulling Plug on Electric Chair" by Robert A. Phillips (APB News January 24, 2000)
Thorough article on the history of the Electric Chair and the last states replacing this method of execution with lethal injection. Glass v. Louisiana, 471 U.S. 1080 (1985) (Brennan Dissent)
A U.S. Supreme Court case denying certiorari, where the death row inmate challenges the method of execution (electric chair) as cruel and unusual. The dissenting opinion of Justice William Brennan details the constitutional history of the method and the gruesome effects on the human body. "Nebraska Judge Rules Electric Chair Cruel and Unusual." (APBNews May 8, 2000)
Short news article on the decision by Scotts Bluff County District Judge Robert Hippe, upholding Nebraska's death penalty law, but ruling that the procedure used by state prison officials, using four separate jolts of electricity during electrocutions, amounts to cruel and unusual punishment. Electric Chair: History.
Short, but well documented, electric chair history by Ted Frank at the AFU and Urban Legends Newsgroup "alt.folklore.urban,misc.legal" (1993) Electric Chair: History.
Short article on Thomas Edison and the electric chair by Terry Chan at the AFU and Urban Legends Newsgroup "alt.folklore.urban,misc.legal" Electric Chair: History.
Short summary and review of 1998 film by Nicholas O'Dwyer entitled "The Chair", from First Run/Icarus Films, which details the New York experience and the Edison/Westinghouse wars. Electric Chair: Florida.
Short description and history of Florida electric chair provided by the Florida Dept. of Corrections. "Political Suicide: Florida Lawmaker Suggests Crucifixion. (Goofball.Com January 12, 2000)
A fed-up Florida legislator, Rep. Howard Futch, suggested the state crucify death-row inmate Thomas Provenzano, whose delusions of being Jesus Christ have helped delay his execution. Florida Supreme Court Opinion Upholding Constitutionality of Electric Chair.
Thomas H. Provenzano v. Michael W. Moore. (Opinion #95973) Florida Supreme Court opinion upholding the constitutionality of the Electric Chair following the botched executions of Allen Lee Davis and Pedro Medina. (September 24, 1999) Photos of Allen Lee "Tiny" Davis in Electric Chair Following 1999 Florida Execution. Showcased as part of summary of the issues surrounding the use of the electric chair in Florida, by J. J. Maloney, from The Crime Encyclopedia. Following the execution, when the Florida Supreme Court ruled, yet again, that execution by electrocution is not unconstitutional, a dissenting justice attached three photographs of the execution to his dissent, and it became public record. Florida Inmates Can Now Choose Method of Execution. (APBNews January 15, 2000)
Short article on the special Florida legislative session changing the prescribed method of execution from electric chair to lethal injection to avoid the legal challenges to the electric chair, but giving the inmate the right to choose. "Capital Punishment on Trial," by Charles Elmore. (Salon Magazine, September 8, 1999)
Article from reporter who witnessed Florida electric chair execution, concluding that the method is inhumane. Electric Chair: Florida
Press release and photo of newly constructed oak electric chair provided by the Florida Dept. of Corrections. Electric Chair: Florida
Editorial comment from Salon Magazine (Apr 1997) commenting on an electric chair malfunction in the execution of Pedro Medina and the callousness of the Florida Attorney General's statements thereafter. Electric Chair: Florida
Editorial comment from City Link Online on Florida's use of the electric chair, with detailed emphasis on historical descriptions on the cruel and gruesome nature of the execution method. Electric Chair: Louisiana
Short article by Wendell Smith from the Columbia Journalism Review (Sept 1991), commenting upon botched Louisiana executions and the efforts of the prison magazine, The Angolite, causing a change to lethal injection as the approved method of execution. "High Court Rejects Challenge to Electric Chair." (APBNews/AP February 22, 2000)
News article on the U.S. Supreme Court opinion rejecting the appeal of Alabama Death Row inmate Robert Lee Tarver, by a 5-4 vote finding that Alabama's electric chair, known as "yellow mama," does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment. Electric Chair: Georgia
Short summary of news reports of proposed state legislation to replace electric chair with guillotine as method of execution. "Death Chamber Tapes Aired." (CBS News May 3, 2001)
News report on the airing of audiotapes made of 23 Georgia executions in the electric chair from 1983-98, which are matters of public record. "Georgia's New Lethal Injection Statute," by Michael Mears. (GIDC 2000)
Short article on Georgia's change in execution method, from electrocution to lethal injection, from the Georgia Indigent Defense Council. Electric Chair: Ohio
Short history of Ohio executions by electric chair, with photo of chair. (Channel 5 TVNews 1999) Execution by Lethal Injection: Medicine at the Service of State Ordered Killing.
January 1998 article from Amnesty International with an abundance of propaganda and rhetoric. Doctors, The Death Penalty, and Lethal Injection.
A bibliography of medical journal and review articles against physicians role in lethal injection executions from the University of Dundee, Scotland. World Medical Association Resolution Against Physician Participation in Capital Punishment. (1981)
Resolution adopted by the 34th World Medical Assembly, Lisbon, Portugal, September 28 - October 2, 1981, and amended by the 52nd WMA General Assembly in Edinburgh, Scotland during October 2000. "AMA: Executions Not a Medical Issue," by Bruce Japsen. (Chicago Tribune June 14, 2000)
News report on the American Medical Association rejecting a proposal seeking a moratorium on executions, saying the subject was a legal issue and not a medical issue that concerned doctors. "How Lethal Injection Works," by Kevin Bonsor.
Detailed description of lethal injection procedures and protocol, from Howstuffworks.com, including Preparation, Witnesses, Inside the Chamber, Administering the Injections, and Who Uses Lethal Injection. Lethal Injection: What Really Happens.
Texas Death Row inmate site with short description of lethal injection chemicals and effects on the body, with a photo of Texas lethal injection chamber. Lathal Injection Specifications. (Fred A. Leuchter Associates, Inc.)
Short description and summary of design requirements and operations of the modular lethal injection system, by Fred Leuchter, "Expert in Execution Technology." "Death on the Gurney: An Idea Made in Oklahoma," by Kevin Acers.
Short article on the origins of lethal injection as a means of execution originating in Oklahoma, from the Oklahoma Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. Lethal Injection: Federal
Brief summary of federal lethal injection procedures and the death chamber at Terre Haute, Indiana, with illustrations and Real Video. (Salt Lake Tribune) Lethal Injection: A Federal Killing," by Charles Madigan. (Chicago Tribune April 22, 2001)
Questions and answers with Dr. Edward Brunner, on the details of an execution by lethal injection, and the ethics questions of involvement by medical personnel. "It's only a painless death if you're the one watching." Lethal Injection: "It's Not Like Falling Asleep," by Robert Murray. (Harpers November 2000)
Article written by Arizona death row inmate, choosing his method of execution, gas chamber or lethal injection. Lethal Injection: Nevada
Brief summary and illustration of lethal injection procedures in Nevada. (Las Vegas Review-Journal, October 1998) Lethal Injection: Ohio
February 18, 1999 news report from Columbus, Ohio TV News 5 on the upcoming execution of Wilford Berry. Summary of Ohio lethal injection execution protocol, with photo. Lethal Injection: Ohio
Photo of lethal injection chamber at Southern Ohio Correctional Facility provided by Ohioans to Stop Executions. Lethal Injection: Texas
Execution procedures, witnesses, death row visitation, last meal. (San Antonio Express-News) Lethal Injection: North Carolina
Short history of North Carolina execution methods and summary of lethal injection procedures, with photo of gurney. (North Caolina Department of Correction) Lethal Injection: California
Detailed lethal injection execution procedures and protocol from the California Department of Corrections. Lethal Injection: California
Photos of California Death Row, the execution chamber and lethal injection table from the California Department of Corrections. Gas Chamber: California
Photos of California Death Row, the execution chamber and chair for lethal gas from the California Department of Corrections. Gas Chamber: Mississippi
Design requirements and operational protocol of the execution gas chamber at Mississippi State Penetentiary, by Fred Leuchter, "Expert in Execution Technology." (1989) The Report is designed "for use by all scholars so that they may determine for themselves the impossibility of the existence of the alleged German (Nazi) Gas Chambers." Includes a short history and description of the Mississippi Gas Chamber, with photos. Gas Chamber: Arizona
Short history of Arizona executions by hanging, gas chamber, and lethal injection, with photo of death chamber. (Arizona Department of Corrections) Gas Chamber: North Carolina
Summary of gas chamber execution procedures in North Caolina, with photos. (North Caolina Department of Correction) Firing Squad: Utah
Short comment on Utah firing squads by Ted Frank at the AFU and Urban Legends Newsgroup "alt.folklore.urban,misc.legal" (1994) Hanging: England
The History of Judicial Hanging. Excellent discussion on the historical use of execution by hanging worldwide, with detailed description of the gallows, the noose, the hood. (photo of noose and board used in Washington state 1994) Hanging: Rope Knots.
Excerpts from The Ashley Book of Knots showing the proper way to use a hangman's knot by Lee Rudolph at the AFU and Urban Legends Newsgroup "alt.folklore.urban". (1994) "The Last Public Execution in America," a book by Perry T. Ryan. (1992)
Complete text of 26 chapter book written about the execution of Rainey Bethea on August 14, 1936, hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky, before a crowd of 20,000. The public outrage which followed resulted in the complete abolition of public executions in the United States. (with photo) "Gruesome Execution in 1851 Helped End Death Penalty," by Dennis McCann. (Milwaukee Journal March 24, 1998)
Short history of the death penalty in Wisconsin, detailing the last execution in 1851, where a man convicted of murdering his wife was hanged, but it took nearly 10 minutes for him to die.

WITNESSES TO THE EXECUTION

"Forget the Conventions, Just Televise the Executions," by Matthew Miller. (Minneapolis Star June 28, 2000)
Short opinion article, approving of televised executions in order to show "Witness to an Execution." (PBS Online News Hour April 12, 2001)
Transcript, with video, of interview with Attorney General John Ashcroft discussing the ability of Oklahoma City Bombing victim's families to witness the upcoming execution of Timothy McVeigh. "U.S. Supreme Court Turns Down Request to Tape McVeigh Execution," by Anne Gearan. (APBNews June 11, 2001)
The U.S. Supreme Court turned down a request to allow videotaping of the execution of convicted mass killer Timothy McVeigh. The request to videotape his execution had come from lawyers in a separate case of Joseph Menard, who could face the same method of execution if convicted of a 1999 bombing. The lawyers had argued the videotape footage could be helpful in their legal argument that lethal injection is cruel and unusual punishment, and therefore unconstitutional. Complete Audio of the Georgia Execution Tapes, from SoundPortraits.Org.
Complete set of indexed audio recordings of 18 Georgia executions from 1983-1996. Recorded by the Georgia Department of Corrections and totaling more than 8 hours of audio. "Wanted: Witness to the Execution," by Geraldine Sealey. (ABCNews July 21, 2000)
"Of the 38 states that have the death penalty, more than a dozen require the presence of civilians at executions — on average, these states require a half-dozen witnesses with no connection to the crime victim or perpetrator and who are not members of the media." "'Come and See Them Die' Plea as Rush of Executions Gains Pace," by Simon Davis. (London Telegraph July 29, 2000)
"The number of executions in the United States is so high that states are advertising for volunteers to act as public witnesses." The Rights of Murder Victims to Witness Executions. (CourtTV)
Listing of the 13 states that currently allow victims' families to watch the execution of the murderer. An Argument Against Allowing the Families of Murder Victims to View Executions.
"An Argument Against Allowing the Families of Murder Victims to View Executions" by Michael Lawrence Goodwin (Journal of Family Law 1997) "Entire Execution Must be Open to Press, Judge Says," by Bob Egelko. (SF Examiner July 27, 2000)
News article on a recent U.S. District Court decision in California, holding that the state of California must keep the curtains open as soon as they attempt to restrain the inmate and insert IV, and not wait until lethal drugs start flowing. "Reporters Should See Executions From Start to Finish," by John Nolan. (Columbus Dispatch September 6, 2000)
News article on a recent U.S. District Court decision in California, holding that the state of California must keep the curtains open as soon as they attempt to restrain the inmate and insert IV, and not wait until lethal drugs start flowing. "Ohio Dad hopes to See His Daughter's Killer Die," by Bob Dreitzler. (Columbus Dispatch July 14, 2000)
After a Highland County, Ohio Prosecutor announces that he will seek the death penalty against 18 year old John Tyler McCoy Jackson, for the rape and murder of a 13 year old, the victim's father says: "I want to see him die, and I mean soon, not 20 years from now. I might not be around in 20 years." State Senator Chlouber to Witness Execution of Aunt's Killer. (Denver Post March 8, 2000)
Short article on the intent of Colorado State Senator Ken Chlouber to witness the Oklahoma execution of the death row inmates who tortured and killed his aunt 15 years earlier. "Capital Punishment on Trial," by Charles Elmore. (Salon Magazine, September 8, 1999)
Article from reporter who witnessed Florida electric chair execution, concluding that the method is inhumane. Lethal Injection: Texas
Execution procedures, witnesses, death row visitation, last meal. (San Antonio Express-News) "Watching Steven Roach Die: Report From the Virginia Death Chamber ." (APBNews January 14, 2000)
First hand account of the January 13, 2000 execution of Steven Edward Roach by the State of Virginia for a murder he had committed when he was 17 years old. Written by Robert Anthony Phillips of APBNews. "KQED Sues To Videotape Capital Punishment," by Michael Schwarz. (Journalism Ethics, March 1991)
Short article/news release by executive producer and director of Current Affairs for KQED-TV in San Francisco, claiming that journalists have a right and obligation to serve as the public's witness. Donahue Wants Televised Executions. (About.Com November 26, 1999)
Short article on the request of Phil Donahue that the public should get a chance to witness for itself the process by which convicted murderers are put to death. Of course, he offered to host that program and to televise an execution. "In a Letter to Newspaper, McVeigh Urges Public Broadcast of Execution." (Philly.Com/Ap February 12, 2001)
In a letter published in the Sunday Oklahoman, McVeigh questioned the fairness of limiting the number of witnesses to his execution. "Because the closed-circuit telecast of my execution raises these fundamental equal access concerns, and because I am otherwise not opposed to such a telecast, a reasonable solution seems obvious: hold a true public execution - allow a public broadcast," he wrote. McVeigh, 32, is set to be executed by injection May 16 at the federal penitentiary in Terre Haute, Ind. Donahue Wants to Televise McVeigh Execution. (Freedom Forum January 14, 1998)
Remarks by talk show host Phil Donahue to the Freedom Forum Online, expressing his desire to host the televised execution of Timothy McVeigh. "Who Has the Right to Watch McVeigh Die," by Jessica Reaves. (Time.Com April 25, 2001)
Short news article discussing the broadcasting, public or closed-circuit, of McVeigh's upcoming execution. "Nation Must Show McVeigh Execution or End All," by Paul Leighton. (Evansville Courier February 21, 2001)
Short news article favoring the televising of the McVeigh execution. "If we cannot televise McVeigh’s execution to the world and deal with all its implications, nationally and globally, then McVeigh’s should be the last execution in this country." "We Believe in Death Penalty, But Shrink From Watching," by George J. Bryjak. (Catholic Reporter May 18, 2001)
Editorial decrying that Americans favor the death penalty, but strongly oppose allowing executions to be made public by television or broadcast, and ridiculing those who believe the death penalty is a deterrent, since televised executions would enhance the deterrence. "Reporters Say They Should See Executions from Start to Finish, by John Nolan. (Columbus Dispatch/AP September 6, 2000)
Short news article on the request by Ohio and California news organizations to televise executions. Corrections officials are resisting to protect identity of executioners. "The Last Public Execution in America," a book by Perry T. Ryan. (1992)
Complete text of 26 chapter book written about the execution of Rainey Bethea on August 14, 1936, hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky, before a crowd of 20,000. The public outrage which followed resulted in the complete abolition of public executions in the United States. (with photo) "Witness to an Execution," by Rick Halperin. (1998)
First hand account of witnessing the execution of Texas Death Row inmate Frank McFarland on April 29, 1998.

EXECUTION OF THE MENTALLY ILL

Execution of the Mentally Retarded (Death Penalty Information Center)
List of 34 allegedly mentally retarded inmates who have been executed since 1976, by name, state, race, IQ, and date of execution, with short summaries of each. Execution of the Mentally Retarded (Fight the Death Penalty in USA)
List of mentally retarded inmates who have been executed since 1976, by name, state, race, IQ, and date of execution; Texas newspaper editorials and articles. Execution of Persons With Mental Retardation (Amnesty International USA)
List of mentally retarded inmates who have been executed since 1976, by name and state; List of states which prohibit execution of the mentally retarded. "Beyond Reason: The Death Penalty and Offenders with Mental Retardation." (Human Rights Watch March 2001)
Thorough and well-referenced anti-death penalty article on the execution of the mentally retarded. Overview; Legal Standards; Miscarraiges of Justice in Capital Trials; Criminal Culpability; Individualized Sentence Determination; 16 Defendants with retardation and their stories. "Young and Retarded are Fair Game," by Robert Sherrill. (The Nation January 8, 2001)
Part of a long feature article, "Death Trip: The American Way of Execution." Emphasis on executions of juveniles and mentally incompetent defendants. "Convicted Killer Penry Pleased With Court Decision," by MIchael Graczyk. (AP/APBNews June 7, 2001)
Texas death row inmate Johnny Paul Penry, said to have a mental age of 7, had his death sentence overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court 22 years after first being sentenced to death in 1979. The Court cited deficient jury instructions relating to consideration of his mental status as a mitigating circumstance. The Imminent Execution of Johnny Paul Penry, Age 6.
Information on Texas Death Row inmate John Paul Penry, giving mental history, including opinions that he has an IQ of 50-63 and functions at a level of a 6 or 7 year old, and requesting assistance. "Defending Categorical Exemptions to the Death Penalty," by Carol & Jordan Steiker. (Law & Contemp. Probs. Autumn 1998)
Lengthy article reflecting on the American Bar Association Resolutions concerning the execution of juveniles and persons with mental retardation. (Reposted by "Against the Death Penalty") "Questions are Raised After An Inmate is Force-Fed Medication," by Rhonda Cook. (Atlanta Journal November 7, 2000)
News article on the question of whether an inmate can be forcibly made competent to execute by the use of anti-psychotic medications. (Reposted by "Against the Death Penalty") "Justice and Aid for the Mentally Ill," by Abagail Trafford. (Washington Post January 26, 2001)
To stave off the threat of execution, lawyers believe he has to stay sick. To cure him could kill him. His lawyers, on the outside, apparently think this is rational. Even humane. By not treating a treatable disease and relieving pain, they are conceivably saving a life. Who's crazy now? (Reposted by "Against the Death Penalty") Eddie's Links
Homepage of Louisiana Death Row Inmate Eddie Mitchell, purportedly having an IQ of 66, with links. The Arc of the United States, A National Organization on Mental Retardation.
The country's largest voluntary organization committed to the welfare of all children and adults with mental retardation and their families. (formerly the Association for Retarded Citizens of the United States) Sanity Hearing for Horace Kelly, Awaiting Execution on California Death Row.
Real Audio NPR News story on an upcoming California sanity hearing for death row inmate Horace Kelly. (April 1998) The Imminent Execution of Larry Robison, Mentally Ill on Texas Death Row. (July 1999)
Amnesty International report detailing the trial errors and mental illness of Texas Death Row inmate Larry Robinson, scheduled for execution august 17, 1999. "Why our Mentally Ill Son is on Texas Death Row," by Lois Robinson.(John Paul Penry)
Letter from mother of Texas Death Row inmate Larry Robinson, giving mental history and requesting assistance. Also reflections on the execution of Larry Robinson on January 21, 2000. "Execution vs. Treating Ills," by Michael King. (Christian Science Monitor, August 16, 1999)
Short article on the upcoming Texas execution of Larry Robinson, who allegedly committed 5 murders where the "evidence is abundant that Robison was completely insane at the time of the murders." "Can low-IQ convicts be put on death row?" (Christian Science Monitor, March 26, 2001)
Short article on the upcoming hearing before the United States Supreme Court in the case of John Paul Penry on Texas death row. "What About Retarded Criminals," by Bruce Shapiro. (Salon.Com June 13, 2001)
Although Bush says they shouldn't be executed, his Texas record shows otherwise, fueling the division between America and Europe over the death penalty. Offending Justice: Execution of the Mentally Incompetent (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)
Short "fact sheet" on executions of the mentally incompetent from an anti-death penalty point of view. "The Green Mile: Justice for the Developmentally Disabled. (About.Com January 6, 2000)
Short article highlighting the movies The Green Mile and Of Mice and Men, questioning the propriety of a civilized society putting to death a person who is mentally retarded. Florida: "Gov. Bush Signs Bill Banning Death Penalty for Retarded," by Jackie Hallifax. (APBNews June 13, 2001)
Short article on Florida's new ban on the execution of the mentally retarded, and the Governor of Texas considering whether to sign a similar law.

POLITICS AND THE DEATH PENALTY

Killing for Votes: The Dangers of Politicizing the Death Penalty Process.
Death Penalty Information Center Report by Richard C. Dieter (October 1996) Judges and the Politics of Death.
"Judges and the Politics of Death: Deciding Between the Bill of Rights and the Next Election in Capital Cases" by Stephen B. Bright and Patrick J. Keenan (73 Boston University Law Review 759 (May 1995). "Pressures on Elected Judges in Capital Cases," by Stephen B. Bright.
Short discussion of politics and the death penalty at the death penalty conference: The Death Penalty in the 21st Century. (American University Law Review, December, 1995) Conservatives Become Unlikely Death Penalty Critics," by Clarence Page. (MyDrum.Com April 13, 2000)

Obviously slanted anti-death penalty column questioning the sincerity of a new breed of death-penalty critic: the conservatives. "Politics Becomes a Player in the Death Penalty Debate," by Naftali Bendavid. (Chicago Tribune July 8, 2000)

Short news article on President Clinton's issuance of a stay of execution for Juan Raul Garza, a Texas drug trafficker initially scheduled to die Aug. 5 for the murder of three other drug dealers, until federal clemency rules can be instituted. "Dark Shadows: Death Penalty Casts Pall Over Campaigns," by Ann Compton. (ABCNews June 14, 2000)

Short news article on the death penalty as an issue in the Gore/Bush campaigns in light of the Columbia University Study. "Killing for Votes," by Robert Sherrill. (The Nation January 8, 2001)
Part of a long feature article, "Death Trip: The American Way of Execution." "Hanging Judges," by Robert Sherrill. (The Nation January 8, 2001)
Part of a long feature article, "Death Trip: The American Way of Execution." Emphasis on elected appellate judges. The Politics of Crime and the Death Penalty.
The Politics of Crime and the Death Penalty: Not "Soft on Crime," But Hard on the Bill of Rights by Stephen B. Bright (39 Saint Louis University Law Journal 479 (Winter, 1995). "The Vain Search for Deadly Accuracy," by Richard Cohen. (Washington Post April 20, 2000)
You can DNA test to your heart's content, provide money for crackerjack lawyers, look every prosecutor in the eye and make him cross his heart, but the innocent will, inevitably and with certainty, die anyway. If politicians want to ensure that doesn't happen, all they have to do is abolish capital punishment. There's a test for that, too. It's called political courage. "Beyond Politics: Why Supreme Court Justices are Appointed for Life," by Roger Cossack. (CNN.Com Law Center July 13, 2000)
Short article discussing the constitutional basis for the framers making life terms for Supreme Court Justices in order to avoid politics. Also noting that several states have rejected this approach, requiring the justices to stand for election. Also recognizing the importance of the next President's appointments to the bench. "Calculating the Risk," by William Saletan. (MotherJones July/August 1999)
Does the Death Penalty protect innocent life, or endanger it? As fatal errors escalate, voters may reconsider capital punishment. "Texas Execution Tests the Limits of Comprehension," by William Saletan. (MotherJones July/August 1999)
News artcile on the upcoming Texas execution of Oliver David Cruz, confessed murderer of a 24 year old female soldier 12 years before, and reportedly below the threshold of mental retardation.

BUSH AND GORE ON THE DEATH PENALTY

"Where the Candidates Stand, Shuffle, and Wallow: The Death Penalty," by James Ridgeway. (Village Voice October 11, 2000)
Short news article on the positions taken by both Bush and Gore on the death penalty issue. "George W. Bush: Governor Death," by Christopher Hitchens. (Salon Magazine August 7, 1999)
Article questioning why the assembly-line execution machine of Texas Governor Bush has not become a presidential campaign issue. "A Capital Issue: The Politics of the Death Penalty, by Ramesh Ponnuru. (National Review May 1, 2000)
Article spotlighting the resurgence of the death penalty as a political issue in the 2000 campaign, and attempting to predict how Bush and Gore should respond to the issue. "George W. Bush and the Death Penalty," by Robert Bryce. (Intellectual Capital.Com March 2, 2000)
Obviously slanted anti-death penalty article critical of Texas Governor and presidential Candidate Bush for failing to grant clemencies in Texas during his tenure. "Gore's Silence Disturbing on Texas Executions," by Eric Zorn. (Chicago Tribune June 13, 2000)
Liberal Tribune columnist lamenting why Gore refuses to challenge Bush on the death penalty issue, concluding that he's so afraid of looking "soft on crime" that he simply won't concern himself with the death penalty. "Shouldn't Press Be Asking Hard Questions About Death Row In-Justice?" by Morton Mintz. (TomPaine.Com May 15, 2000)
Obviously slanted anti-death penalty article critical of Texas Governor Bush and the lack of investigative reorting on the question. "Bush's Death Penalty Dodge," by Alan Berlow. (Salon.Com June 12, 2000)
Obviously slanted anti-death penalty article critical of Texas Governor Bush's failure to grant clemency and reprieves in death cases during his tenure. Recalls Texas several executions, the press releases, and the decisions made by Bush, including the recent reprieve granted to Ricky McGinn. "Deadly Lies," by Bruce Shapiro. (Salon.Com October 20, 2000)
Obviously slanted anti-death penalty article critical of the death penalty platforms of George Bush and Al Gore. "George W. Bush and Al Gore both believe capital punishment deters violent crime. They're wrong." "Experts; Record Number of Texas Executions Won't Hurt Bush," by Julia Campbell. (FoxNews.Com January 19, 2000)
Pre-Primaries article with the opinion that the record number of executions scheduled for January 2000 in Texas, will not hurt Bush's chances, especially with the conservative wing of the Republican Party. "Oblivious To Death Penalty's Death Knell," by Salim Muwakkil. (Chicago Tribune July 24, 2000)
"Despite growing evidence that our system of capital punishment is arbitrary and fraught with error (not to mention primitive and irrational), the issue has failed to provoke much response from the major--or minor--presidential candidates. "George W. Bush on the Death Penalty," by Robert Bryce. (VoxCap.Com March 2, 2000)
"Death Penalty Foes Far From Forcing a Ban," by Bob Kemper. (Chicago Tribune July 9, 2000)
"Death Penalty Protester Heckles Bush," by Karen Gullo. (AP July 10, 2000)
"Cases to Highlight Bush's Death Penalty Role," by John Farrell. (Boston Globe December 21, 1999)
"Texas Execution Rate Becomes Hot Political Issue." (Fox News/AP July 12, 2000)
"The Texan Way of Death: Will Bush Change His Tune?" (London Guardian December 13, 2000)

COST (DEATH PENALTY VS. LIFE IMPRISONMENT)

The Costs of LWOP versus the Death Penalty. (Justice For All)
Capital Punishment and its Cost. (Wesley Lowe)
"The Costs of Capital Punishment and Life Imprisonment," by Lila Hoffman-Thome. (August 9, 1996)
"Millions Misspent: The High Costs of the Death Penalty," by Richard C. Dieter. (DPIC Fall 1994)
Financial Facts Against the Death Penalty. (DPIC)
"What Politicians Don't Say About the High Costs of the Death Penalty, by Richard C. Dieter. (Profile Feminism Winter 1995)
The Costs of the Death Penalty in California. (Death Penalty Focus of California)
"Is Death Penalty Too Costly for State?" by Alex Fryer. (Seattle Times March 10, 2000)
"The Economics of Capital Punishment," by Phil Porter.
"The Economics of Capital Punishment," by Kathryn M. Buehler, Oriskany, New York Schools. (1997)
"Comparison of Capital Punishment Costs in Texas and Connecticut," by Sandra N. Bragg, Legislative Fellow.
"A Strange Investment for a Capitalist Country," by Robert Sherrill. (The Nation January 8, 2001)
"Capital Trials and the Cost of Criminal Justice," by Michael Mears. (GIDC 2000)
"The Case Against the Death Penalty: Financial Costs," by Hugo Adam Bedau. (July 1992)
Millions To Kill -- Pennies To Heal. (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)
"Should The State Pay For Organ Transplants For Death-Row Prisoners?" from Physicians Weekly.(June 1996)

LIFE WITHOUT PAROLE

"Isn't it Life Without Parole?" by Steve Dunleavy. (NY Post July 10, 2000)
"Life Without Parole: No More Chances," by Rhonda Cook. (Atlanta Journal-Constitution March 11, 2000)
"Considering Life Without Possibility of Parole or Release, by Laura Magnani. (Peacework Magazine 1999)
Listing of States With/Without Life Without Parole Option in Capital Cases. (DPIC)
"Refereeing the Death Penalty: LWOP is Not Worse than Death," by Barry Farber. (NewsMax.Com June 27, 2000)
"Once a Murderer . . ." (ProDeathPenalty.Com 2001)
Convicted Murderer Kills Fellow Inmate, Sentenced to Death. (Charlotte News, March 24, 1999)
Trial Nears for Texas Death Row Inmate Charged with Killing Fellow Prisoner. (Corpus Christi Online, October 26, 1998)
"Joseph James On NY Death Row, Kills a Guard, Now Up for Parole," by Rocco Parascandola. (NY Post July 17, 2000)
"Needle Not Needed After Murder on New Jersey Death Row," by Bill Hoffman. (NY Post, September 8, 1999)
"Trial to Begin in Jersey Deathrow Murder," By Lori Hinnant. (Philly Daily News June 5, 2001)
"Mississippi Death Row Inmate Stabbed to Death by Fellow Inmate." (Amarillo.Net/AP, January 5, 1999)
N.C. Death Row Inmate, Tommy Noell: Sentence Commuted, Paroled, and Kills Again. (WRAL, November 7, 1998)
Texas Death Row Inmate Stabbed 54 Times. (Amarillo Globe-News, November 5, 1998)
"Dead Run," by Joe Jackson and William E. Burke, Jr., a book on America's only mass escape from Death Row.
"Murders That Could Have Been Averted By Capital Punishment." (The New American August 30, 1990)
Garner v. Jones (March 28, 2000) Serving Life, Escaped, Murdered Again, Sentenced to Second Life.
"TV Producer Held Hostage by New York Prison Inmate." (APBNews October 11, 2000)
ABCNews.Com Survey - Death Penalty vs. Life Without Parole. (January 12-16, 2000)
"The Costs of Capital Punishment and the Cost of Life Imprisonment," by Lila Hoffman-Thome.
Life Without Parole is Not Good Enough to Insure Public Safety. (Wesley Lowe 10-01-99)

JUVENILES AND THE DEATH PENALTY

"The Juvenile Death Penalty Today: Death Sentences and Executions for Juvenile Crimes," by Victor L. Streib.
Comprehensive and authoritative work by Victor L. Streib, Professor of Law at Ohio Northern University, available only in electronic format. Historical background; Execution of Juvenile Offenders January 1973-June 2000 by name, state, date of execution, age at crime, age at execution; Legal Context; Minimum Death Penalty Ages by American Jurisdiction; Foreign Countries; Juvenile Death Sentences Imposed January 1973-June 2000 by state and by year; Current Death Row Juvenile Inmates with short case summaries. (Updated June 2000) "Those Who Died for Juvenile Crimes," by Robert Phillips. (APBNews January 11, 2000)
Summary of the cases of 14 convicted killers executed for murders committed when they were under 18 years old. "The Execution of Inmate 225822." (APBNews January 13, 2000)
The execution of Steven Edward Roach on January 13, 2000 at 9:04 p.m. - He became the 604th person executed in the United States since 1976, and one of the few for a murder committed when he was 17 years old. Juvenile Death Penalty Proposed. (NBC)
NBC News article by Clif Caldwell in the wake of the Jonesboro, Arkansas shootings, spotlighting the efforts of an Arkansas legislator to reduce the minimum age for the death penalty from 17 to 10. Juveniles and the Death Penalty (DeathPenalty.Net)
Short summary of statistics on death row juveniles, with some links. Juveniles and the Death Penalty. (Death Penalty Information Center)
Case Summaries for Current Death Row Inmates Under Juvenile Death Sentences; Facts about Gary Graham on Texas Death Row; Juveniles executed since 1976; Jurisdictions with an age minimum of 18 for capital punishment; Short summary of the work of Victor L. Streib. Execution of Child Offenders
List of juvenile offenders executed since 1976, by name, state, date of execution; List of minimum ages for capital punishment by state; number of juvenile offenders on death row; from Amnesty International USA. (1999) Amnesty International/Death Penalty USA Pages: Juvenile Offenders Executed Since 1976
List of juvenile offenders executed since 1976, by name, state, date of execution, age at crime, age at execution; List of minimum ages for capital punishment by state; from Amnesty International and maintained by Kuno Sandholzer. (August 1999) Amnesty International/Death Penalty USA Pages: Juvenile Offenders on Death Row
List of juvenile offenders currently on Death Row, by name, state, age at crime, race, and race/gender of victim, from Amnesty International and maintained by Kuno Sandholzer. (August 1999) Juvenile Executions Worldwide Since 1990. (Amnesty International, November 1998)
List of juvenile offenders executed worldwide since 1990, by name, country, age at crime, and date of execution; International Agreements and Treaties relating to the treatment of juvenile offenders, from Amnesty International. (November 1998) Stop Killing Kids! (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)
Organizing a Plan of Action; National Petition; The Role of Students; Photos and short case summaries of two "death row kids" Michael Dominguez and Joseph Hudgins. Death Penalty for Juvenile Offenders (Fight the Death Penalty in the U.S.A.)
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child; Minimum death penalty age requirements, state by state; Number of executed juvenile offenders, year by year. "The Young and the Doomed," by Scott Shackford. (Columbia Free Times)
These are all the things that we will not allow 16 year olds to do. We don't allow them to do these things because we don't think they are sufficiently mature. But we will allow them to be executed. Listing of South Carolina's murderers on death row for crimes committed while juveniles. America's Shame - Killing Kids (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)
Short summary of statistics to confirm that the United States leads the world in killing kids. "Dead Teen Walking," by By Christopher John Farley and James Willwerth. (Time.Com January 19, 1998)
The U.S. is one of the few nations that put juveniles on death row. Shareef Cousin (Louisiana)is one of them. He may be innocent. "Killing Hope: the Imminent Execution of Sean Sellers." (Amnesty International, December 1998)
Summary of trial errors, mitigating factors, and international laws broken relating to the upcoming execution of Oklahoma death row prisoner Sean Sellers, 16 years old when he murdered a shop clerk and both of his stepparents. "On the Wrong Side of History: Children and the Death Penalty in the USA." (Amnesty International, Oct 1998)
Arguments against the execution of juvenile offenders, with historical and worldwide references, and a list of those executed in the United States since 1977, and those currently on Death Row. "The Slippery Slope of Executing Children," by Kevin Acers. (Oklahoma Coalition to Abolish DP)
Essay noting that the United States has failed to adopt the International Convention on the Rights of the Child. "The word "barbaric" comes to mind. But if we take a look at the death penalty in our own country today, we’ll see that we are standing on a very slippery slope." United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by the General Assembly on November 20, 1989.
"Article 37 - (a) No child shall be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Neither capital punishment nor life imprisonment without possibility of release shall be imposed for offences committed by persons below 18 years of age." "Dead Teen Walking: Shareef Cousin." (Time.Com, January 19, 1998)
The United States is one of the few nations that put juveniles on death row. Shareef Cousin is one of them. On Death Row in Louisiana, he may be innocent. Five Part series from Time.Com by Christopher John Farley and James Willwerth. "Juveniles on Death Row: How Young is Too Young?" by Buck Wolf. (ABC News, December 15, 1998)
ABC News article on the execution of juvenile offenders in the United States, including a list of all juvenile offender executions, by name, state, race, age at murder, and age at execution. "Should juveniles face death penalty?" by Laurie Asseo.
Hannibal, Missouri Courier-Post news article from AP reporter Laurie Asseo. (April 1998) "Y2K Means Execution for Juvenile Killers," by Frank Green. (APB News, December 29, 1999)
Hannibal, Missouri Courier-Post news article from AP reporter Laurie Asseo. (April 1998) "Prosecutor Seeks Reversal in Kay case." (Palo Alto Weekly, April 8, 1998)
News report on the efforts by a California Prosecutor to try a 16 year old for murder as an adult, to face the death penalty. Juveniles Against Capital Punishment.
Norwegian anti-death penalty site, in cooperation with the Junior Bannister Foundation. NPR audio report on upcoming Texas execution of Joseph John Cannon, juvenile offender. (April 22, 1998)
"Too immature to understand the consequences?" If you can't vote, can't watch R rated movies, can't buy cigarettes, then why should you be subjected to the death penalty? (National Public Radio, 8 minutes Real Audio) "Can Violent Criminals be too Young to Execute?" by Silvio Carrillo (SpeakOut.Com May 3, 2000)
Editorial: "A Shameful Way to Welcome the Year. (Chicago Tribune January 12, 2000)
"Opposition to Executing Juveniles Grows," by Richard Willing. (USA Today Excerpt January 24, 2000)
"Wasted Youth," by Vince Beiser. (MotherJones January 10, 2000)
"Death Be Not Proud: The Youngest Inmates Prepare to Die," by Jeff Glasser.(US News Online January 17, 2000)

RACE AND CLASS BIAS

"The Death Penalty in Black & White: Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides," by Richard Dieter, DPIC.(June 1998)
"Pro & Con: The Death Penalty in Black and White," by Dudley Sharp, Justice For All. (June 24, 1999)
Race, Sentencing, and the Death Penalty. (October 1, 1997 Justice For All)
Racism and Capital Punishment. (October 1, 1999 Wesley Lowe)
"The Myth of Racism in the Death Penalty," by David Andrew Price. (USA Today)
"Arizona Inmate Accuses Judge of Homophobia," by Randy Dotinga. (APBNews September 27, 2000)
"Justice On Trial: Racial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System. (civilrights.org)
"Death Penalty Tied to Race in North Carolina Study," by Maurice Possley. (Chicago Tribune April 17, 2001)
Racism and the Death Penalty. (NAACP Legal Defense Fund)
"Texas Psychologist Speaks Out About His Testimony on Race and Crime," by Raju Chebium. (CNN June 9, 2000)
"Execution By Quota?" by Rothman and Powers. (Smith College, The Public Interest, Summer 1994)
Executing Minorities - An American Tradition. (NCADP Fact Sheet)
The Death Penalty: Is It Arbitrary and Racially Skewed? (Friends Committe on National Legislation June 27, 2000)
"Federal Death Sentences Show Race Gap; More Plea Deals for White Suspects," by Mike Dorning. (Chicago Tribune July 24, 2000)
"More Whites Than Blacks Evade Death Penalty," by Amy Worder. (APBNews July 24, 2000)
"Study: Federal Death Sentences Show Racial Gap." (ABCNews.Com/AP July 24, 2000)
"Halls of Justice: Race and the Death Penalty," by Beverley Lumpkin. (Washington Post July 7, 2000)
Florida: "Capital Cases Task Force: Racial Bias Unclear," by Joe Becker. (St. Petersburg Times April 8, 2000)
Double Justice: Race and the Death Penalty. (ACLU 1996)
"Discrimination, Death and Denial," by Stephen B. Bright. (Santa Clara Law Review, 1995)
"A Legacy of Lynching: The Death Penalty as a Tool of Social Control," by William S. McFeely. (NACDL, Nov 1997)
"There is No Precedent for Justice and Equality in Capital Punishment," by Rose Sanders. (In Motion Magazine)
"Race and the Death Penalty." (American Bar Association Focus, Spring 1997)
"Racial Bias in the Death Penalty," by Violette.
"Killing With Prejudice - Race and the Death Penalty." (Amnesty International, May 20, 1999)
"Death Penalty is a Black and White Issue," by David Andrew Price. (USA Today Excerpt)
The Death Penalty in Georgia,USA - Racist, Arbitrary and Unfair. (Amnesty International)
"The Death Penalty in the U. S. Continues to Reflect our Nation's Prejudice," by Michael Mears. (July 1999)
"New Jersey Supreme Court Considers the Race Factor," by Rocco Cammarere. (New Jersey Lawyer January 20, 1997)
"Homophobic Justice? Prisoner Says Sexual Orientation Led to Death Row," by Bryan Robinson. (ABCNews February 6, 2001)

WOMEN AND THE DEATH PENALTY

"Death Penalty for Female Offenders January 1, 1973 - December 31, 2000," by Victor L. Strieb.
Comprehensive and authoritative work by Victor L. Streib, Professor of Law at Ohio Northern University, available only in electronic format. Number of executions of female offenders in the 20th century and death sentences since 1973; Characteristics by age, race, sex, and victim of current death row; Female death sentences imposed since 1973 by name, date, state, and current status; Very short case summaries of current female death row inmates by state. (updated June 2000) Women Speak Out From Prison and Death Row.
The online magazine written by women in prison and death row and their supporters. Case summaries and photos of women executed; Names, states, and DOB of all women on death row in the United States; Womens issues; Newsletter. Women and the Death Penalty: Brief Facts and Figures (DPIC)
Except for a large photo of Sister Helen Prejean and poster child Karla Faye Tucker in Texas, a repeat of the information from Victor L. Streib, Professor of Law at Ohio Northern University, listing women on death row and women executed. Women on America's Death Row. (Amnesty International)
Complete listing of women on death row in the United States, by name, state, race, date of birth, with a very short summary of crime, from Amnesty International and maintained by Kuno Sandholzer. (current through 1/1/99) Why Women Aren't Executed: Gender Bias and the Death Penalty (ABA Fall 1996)
American Bar Association publication of "Human Rights," Fall 1996 by Thad Rueter, commenting upon the obvious gender bias of death sentences, with women more likely to receive mercy, clemency, and commutation. DeathPenalty.Net: On Women
Short article on women and the death penalty with cites to the work of Victor Streib and DPIC, as well as a plug for a recent book written by sociologist Kathleen O'Shea entitled "Women and the Death Penalty in the United States, 1900-1998." Women on Death Row (ABC News)
Special Report from ABC News, listing the women currently on Death Row, with case summaries and photos. "No Gender Equality on Death Row," by Robert Anthony Phillips. (APBNews February 25, 2000)
Article describing the infrequency of death sentences given to women, focusing on Betty Lou Betts and Karla Faye Tucker in Texas. "Mothers Who Think: Sexism and the Death Chamber," by Cathy Young. (Salon.Com May 4, 2000)
"We are consistently more likely to seek mitigating circumstances for women's heinous deeds, to see female criminals as disturbed or victimized rather than evil. The thought of a woman in the death chamber makes people cringe." "Ohio Woman Faces Death Penalty Trial," by Kimball Perry. (Cincinnati Post September 25, 2000)
News article on the upcoming trial of Denise Lipscomb in Ohio, with recent statistics on women and death row and executions, mostly from Victor Strieb. Capital Punishment U.K.: The Female Hanged.
Case summaries of the 38 women hanged in Britain for murder since 1868. American Female Executions 1900 -2001. (Capital Punishment U.S.A.)
Listing of the 47 women executed in the United states since 1900, by age, race, state, date of execution, and method of execution. (short summaries of most recent cases) Female Hangings 1632-1900. (Capital Punishment U.S.A.)
Listing of the women executed in the United states before 1900. Dead Women Waiting: Who's Who on Death Row," by Sam Howe Verhovek (New York Times, February 8, 1998)
Short news article on female death row inmates, with photos of 12 from around the country. "Fighting Demons on Death Row," by Kathie Doby (Salon Magazine)
The story of Andrea Hicks Jackson on Florida Death Row. (Salon Magazine, December 1995) The Case of Karla Faye Tucker
Links to the Home Page and statements of Karla Faye Tucker and news reports of her case, her appeals, and her execution, from The Law Lounge. "Karla Faye Tucker: Why So Many Want to Save Her, " by S.C. Gwynne Austin. (Time.Com, January 19, 1998)
Karla Faye Tucker is the nicest woman on Death Row. while she is removed from the person who committed her horrible crime, she most certainly will be the one to die for it. "Texas Executes Black Widow, Betty Lou Beets." (APBNews/AP February 24, 2000)
Betty Lou Beets became the fourth woman to be executed in the United States since the Supreme Court in 1976 allowed the death penalty to resume, following Governor Bush's rejection of her last minute appeal. She was the second woman executed in Texas since the Civil War. The Case of Mary Surratt, first woman executed in the United States.
The life story of Mary Surratt and her involvement in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Compiled from the research of James O. Hall, published and copyrighted by the Surratt Society of Clinton, Maryland.

DETERRENCE AND INCAPACITATION

"Does Capital Punishment Have a Deterrent Effect?" (Emory University Department of Economics January 2001)
Scholarly research paper from economics professors at Emory University, Hashem Dezhbakhsh, Paul Rubin, and Joanna Mehlhop Sheperd, suggesting that the death penalty has a strong deterrent effect. "An increase in any of the three probabilities - arrest, sentencing, or execution - tends to reduce the crime rate. In particular, each execution results, on average, in 18 fewer murders-with a margin of error of plus and minus 10. Tests show that results are not driven by “tough” sentencing laws." Unlike many similar studies, this research is based mainly upon new data from post-1976 information. "Deterrence Value," by David Perlmutter. (Dallas Morning News January 1, 2000)
The death penalty is not a "penalty" when legal retribution lags until decades after the crime. If you don't agree, then try the following experiment: The next time your 5-year-old pours molasses on the family cat, tell him that as a deterrent to future bad behavior you will take away his stereo upon his graduation from college. No punishment deters if it is unconnected to the crime in time and space. Incapacitation and Deterrent Effects of the Death Penalty. (Justice For All)
The Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment. (Wesley Lowe)
Economics of Crime and Justice / Deterrence of Capital Punishment. (Abstracts by Professor Isaac Ehrlich)
"Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime?" by Jay Johansen. (1998)
"Capital Punishment Saves Lives." (Southern Economic Journal, July 1985)
"Deterrence and the Death Penalty"(Radelet & Akers 1996).
"Facts" About Deterrence and the Death Penalty. (DPIC)
"The Case Against the Death Penalty: Deterrence," by Hugo Adam Bedau. (July 1992)
"The Death Penalty: An Ineffective Deterrent," by John H. Morrison. (October 29, 1993 MIT)
Deterrence: Fact or Fiction? (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)
Deterrence: Death Penalty Information - High School Curriculum. (Michigan State Univ)
"Purposes of the Death Penalty." (American Bar Association Focus, Spring 1997)
"The Death Penalty Myth: Deterrence." (SF Chronicle Opinion September 27, 2000)
"How Have Homicide Rates Been Affected by California's Death Penalty, by Godfrey and Schiraldi. (1995)
Guest Comment: "Don't Know Much About Calculus," by William Tucker. (National Review September 22, 2000)
Accuracy In Media Report: Fewer Executions, More Murders.(August A 2000)
"The Death Penalty, by Alex Thio. (Sociology Online, 3rd Edition 1998)
"Does Crime Pay? Yes, Small Chance of a Big Punishment," by Steven E. Landsburg.(Lycos News December 8, 1999)
"Isn't it Life Without Parole?" by Steve Dunleavy. (NY Post July 10, 2000)
"Life Without Parole: No More Chances," by Rhonda Cook. (Atlanta Journal-Constitution March 11, 2000)
"Considering Life Without Possibility of Parole or Release, by Laura Magnani. (Peacework Magazine 1999)
Listing of States With/Without Life Without Parole Option in Capital Cases. (DPIC)
"Refereeing the Death Penalty: LWOP is Not Worse than Death," by Barry Farber. (NewsMax.Com June 27, 2000)
"Once a Murderer . . ." (ProDeathPenalty.Com 2001)
Convicted Murderer Kills Fellow Inmate, Sentenced to Death. (Charlotte News, March 24, 1999)
Trial Nears for Texas Death Row Inmate Charged with Killing Fellow Prisoner. (Corpus Christi Online, October 26, 1998)
"Joseph James On NY Death Row, Kills a Guard, Now Up for Parole," by Rocco Parascandola. (NY Post July 17, 2000)
"Needle Not Needed After Murder on New Jersey Death Row," by Bill Hoffman. (NY Post, September 8, 1999)
"Trial to Begin in Jersey Deathrow Murder," By Lori Hinnant. (Philly Daily News June 5, 2001)
"Mississippi Death Row Inmate Stabbed to Death by Fellow Inmate." (Amarillo.Net/AP, January 5, 1999)
N.C. Death Row Inmate, Tommy Noell: Sentence Commuted, Paroled, and Kills Again. (WRAL, November 7, 1998)
Texas Death Row Inmate Stabbed 54 Times. (Amarillo Globe-News, November 5, 1998)
"Dead Run," by Joe Jackson and William E. Burke, Jr., a book on America's only mass escape from Death Row.
"Murders That Could Have Been Averted By Capital Punishment." (The New American August 30, 1990)
Garner v. Jones (March 28, 2000) Serving Life, Escaped, Murdered Again, Sentenced to Second Life.
"TV Producer Held Hostage by New York Prison Inmate." (APBNews October 11, 2000)

AFTER RELEASE FROM DEATH ROW

N.C. Death Row Inmate, Tommy Noell: Sentence Commuted, Paroled, and Kills Again. (WRAL, November 7, 1998)
Tommy Noell had his North Carolina death sentence commuted to life imprisonment in 1976, and was released after serving 14 years imprisonment. Five years after his release, Noell was convicted of Second Degree Murder and sentenced to life in prison a second time. This is a TV report from WRAL in Raleigh, North Carolina. (November 7, 1998) Life after Death Row for N.C. Inmate Ed McKenna, now in Minimum Security. (WRAL Channel 5, November 19, 1998)
After being sentenced to death in the 1970's for murdering a Raleigh policeman, North Carolina's death penalty statute was ruled unconstitutional and Ed McKenna was released from death row and now serves his time in a minimum security prison. He is eligible for parole later this year. "Former Death Row Inmate Given Second Life By Courts (WRAL Channel 5, November 5, 1998)
James Woodson had his death sentence reversed by the U.S. Supreme Court in the famous case of Woodson v. North Carolina, striking down the "automatic" sentence under North Carolina law in 1976. Since his release, he has been seen more often in church than on the streets. "Ex-Death Row Inmate Plans to Sue Cops." (APBNews/AP October 21, 1999)
Short article on the anticipated lawsuit of Anthony Porter, freed and exonerated from Illinois Death Row after 15 years with the help of Northwestern Journalism students, seeking compensation from police who allegedly framed him. "Life After Death Row," by Sara Rimer. (NYTimes Magazine December 10, 2000)
Summaries of the cases and life after exoneration of Rolando Cruz (Illinois), Kirk Bloodsworth (Maryland), Earl Washington (Virginia), James Richardson (Florida), Ronald Williamson (Oklahoma), and Walter McMillian (Alabama). "Freed From Death Row," by Sydney Freedberg. (St. Petersburg Times July 4, 1999)
Florida leads the nation in wrongful death sentences with 20. What has become of these survivors? Robert Lee Massie, Death Penalty Poster Boy, Executed March 27, 2001 in California.
Summary of the case of Robert Lee Massie, who served two separate stints on California Death Row, released on the first after his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. 11 years later, he was paroled, and within one year committed another capital murder as well as a string of other violent crimes. "Robert Lee Massie on Death Row - On Again, Off Again." (SFChronicle March 14, 2001)
Very short summary of the case of Robert Lee Massie, on the eve of his execution.

VICTIM'S FAMILIES

"A Declaration of Life," a Will requesting that the death penalty not be sought if you are murdered.
Sponsored by the Friends Committee to Abolish the Death Penalty, this is a form for a Last Will and Testament, perhaps legal in some states, requesting that if you are ever murdered, that the death penalty not be sought against anyone for murdering you. "Pledge Outlines Opposition to Death Penalty," by Verena Dobnik. (AP/Topeka Journal November 29, 1998)
AP news article describing the "Declaration of Life" movement, started by Sister Camille D'Arienzo from Brooklyn during the 1994 New York governor's race, when Cuomo was defeated by pro-death penalty candidate George Pataki. MurderVictims.Com.
A victims resource from "Justice For All," serving as a memorial to the many innocent victims of violent crime and a source for murder statistics, news items, discussion and information. Places the focus back on the victim instead of the perpetrator. Victim survivors can come here to find help, ask questions, give and get advice. Vengence and Closure for the Victims of Murder.
US News & World Reports 1997 Cover Story: "The Place for Vengeance." An examination of whether comfort and closure for the grieving families of murder victims is found by the execution of the murderer. Journey of Hope . . . From Violence to Healing.
Billed as an abolitionist educational organization, with the expressed purpose of spotlighting murder victims family members who do not seek revenge, instead choosing compassion and forgiveness. Co-founder Bill Pelke is a grandson of Ruth Pelke, the victim of 15 year old Paula Cooper, formerly on Indiana's Death Row. The group sponsors a tour bus trip from state to state, seeking media attention against the death penalty. "Death Penalty Foes, Victims Themselves, Plead Case," by Gary Rotstein. (Pittsburg Post August 10, 2000)
Short news article on the local appearance of anti-death penalty group "Journey of Hope," which includes family members of murder victims. (Written more like a press release for the organization than a news piece) Murder Victim Families for Reconciliation.
Virginia support group for murder victims families, providing information about the needs and concerns of victims' families who are opposed to the death penalty in all situations. "A Father's Urge to Forgive," by Bud Welch. (Time June 16, 1997)
Short essay from father of Oklahoma City bombing victim, who has become outspoken critic of the death penalty. "Victims and the Death Penalty." (American Bar Association Focus, Spring 1997)
ABA Forum with John McAdams, James Acker, Leigh Bienen, and James Coleman, discussing the degree and emphasis that should be directed toward the victims as opposed to the defendants in the death penalty debate. The Rights of Murder Victims to Witness Executions. (CourtTV)
Listing of the 13 states that currently (not up-to-date) allow victims' families to watch the execution of the murderer. "Murder Victims' Families Battle for Life and Death," by Chaka Ferguson.(AP/Albuquerque Journal February 5, 2001)
Daughter of murder victim fighting for repeal of death penalty. Her father's killer was found incompetent to stand trial in 1984. He was committed to a state hospital and later was released. An Argument Against Allowing the Families of Murder Victims to View Executions
"An Argument Against Allowing the Families of Murder Victims to View Executions" by Michael Lawrence Goodwin (Journal of Family Law 1997) Leaven of Forgiveness by Penn. (Murder Victims' Families for Reconciliation)
"Leaven of Forgiveness: Murder Victims' Families Stand Against the Death Penalty," an article on the organization Murder Victim Families for Reconciliation, spotlighting Bill Pelke (Indiana) and Marietta Jaeger (Michigan), both of whom had close family members murdered and testified against the death penalty, by Mary Sue Penn in Sojourners Online Magazine. (1995) "Closure or No Closure?: Family Members Reflect on Execution," by Buck Wolf. (ABC News, December 15, 1998)
Short ABC News article on how the families of murder victims cope with the execution, including Oklahoma state lawmaker Brooks Douglass, who helped write a law allowing the victims to witness the execution, and he did just that. "Execution is Closure, Victims Say," by Sam Stanton and M.S. Enkoji. (Sacramento Bee March 16, 2000)
Short news article on the execution of the California Hilltop Rapist and the views of his victims' families who say they feel closure. "Victims' Rights - and Wrongs in the McVeigh Trial." by Bruce Shapiro. (Salon Magazine, June 13, 1997)
Why the Prosecution did not let us hear from the relatives of the dead who did not want Timothy McVeigh to die? "Working with the Victim's Survivors in Death Penalty Cases," by Russell Stetler. (NACDL, June 1999)
Primer for capital defense attorneys on contacting and winning over the families of the murder victim, provided by the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. "The Right of Victims to be Heard." (National Victims Center)
A discussion of the right of victims and families to be heard at sentencing, and at parole and clemency hearings, with a listing of rights state by state. Making Murder Victim Families a Party in New Jersey Capital Cases.
July 1, 1996 news article By Maureen Castellano on New Jersey Supreme Court opinion making families of murder victims parties in capital cases for the first time, and allowing victim-impact evidence with restrictions. "A Son on Death Row," by Barbara Lewis. (Friends Committee, Summer 1995)
Short anti-death penalty essay from the mother of a murderer on death row. "Mercy, Compassion, and Forgiveness," by Kathy Dillon. (Friends Committee, Summer 1995)
Short anti-death penalty essay from the daughter of a state trooper murdered 20 years earlier. "Revenge and Hate," by Bud Welch. (March 16, 1999)
"Revenge and Hate is What Resulted in the Death of 167 People." Excerpts from a talk by Murder Victims Families for Reconciliation member Bud Welch at a Human Rights Initiative lunch at the Kennedy School of Government in Cambridge, MA, March 16, 1999. "Sailing Toward an Ocean of Light," by Teresa Mathis. (Friends Committee, Spring 1996)
Short anti-death penalty essay from the sister of a murder victim. "North Carolina Murder Victim's Relative Fights Death Denalty," by Patrick O'Neill (News & Observer, March 31, 1997)
North Carolina Minister Marion Wilson (72), whose daughter-in-law was murdered in 1985, joins others in asking Governor Hunt to commute the death sentence of Philip E. Wilkinson, convicted of murdering a 37 year old mother and her two children in 1991. "Victim's Daughter Forgives, But Cannot Forget Former Death Row Inmate." (November 7, 1998)
WRAL Channel 5 Raleigh, North Carolina TV News report by Stuart Watson, on Linda Backer, who was 14 months old when her mother was murdered by former death row inmate Gary Bock, who was paroled in 1992 after 19 years in prison. "My Sister's Candle."
From the brother of a murder victim, with anti-death penalty commentary and links, mainly concentrating on the issue in Florida. The Shanda Shearer Website.
Website dedicated to the memory of 12 year old Shanda Shearer, who was raped, tortured and murdered in Madison, Indiana in 1992 at the hands of 4 teenage girls. While originally charged with the death penalty, all plead guilty and were sentenced to long prison terms. A Perspective Against Capital Punishment by the Mother of a Murder Victim.
Biographical essay from Anne Coleman, the mother of a murder victim, and the Delaware State Abolition Coordinator for Amnesty International. The Cary Ann Medlin Website.
Website dedicated to the life and memory of 8 year old Cary Ann Medlin, who in 1979 was kidnapped, raped and murdered at the hands of Robert Glen Coe in Tennessee. 21 years later Coe became the first person executed in Tennessee in 40 years. Throw Away the Keys: A Tribute to Murder Victim Jeremy Peter Flachbart.
Short pages devoted to a Tennessee murder victim, detailing the failure of the system in obtaining justice against the killer. Restitution, Inc.
A nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting healing between offenders and victims. We believe that every offender has a gift that can be used to give back to the surviving victims of their crimes or to the community that has been harmed. (National Death Row Inmate Restitution Art Show) The Sentencing Project.
Designed to provide resources and information for the news media and a public concerned with criminal justice and sentencing issues. The Sentencing Project, incorporated in 1986, has become a national leader in the development of alternative sentencing programs and in the reform of criminal justice policy.

DEATH ROW INMATE HOMEPAGES / MEMORIALS

Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. 350+ (Canadian Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)
Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. (Links Toward Abolition)
Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. 30+ (SMU)
Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. 12+ (Amnesty)
Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. (Critical Criminology)
Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. 80+ (Magazine for the Wrongly Convicted)
Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. (University of Alaska Anchorage)
Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. 28 +(Yahoo)
The Lamp of Hope Project.
The Canadian Lamp of Hope Project.
"Murderous Hearts of Death Row Seeking Love on the Net," by Robert Phillips. (APBNews February 9, 2000)
Dead Men Talking: The Web May be a Way Out. (24 Hours in Cyberspace)
"The Condemned and Their Websites," by Julia Sheeres. (Wired News June 12, 2001)
Prisoners: Pose Questions to and Get Answers from Death Row Inmates and Lifers. (Dark Sorrow)
State Departments of Correction Homepages. (PrisonActivists.Org)
State Departments of Correction Homepages. (The Corrections Connection)
Cyberspace Inmates: Rehabilitation Through Correspondence. 37+
Lifelines: Supporting Prisoners on Death Row Through Letter Writing Pen-Friends.
Death Row Penn-Pals: Death Row Inmates Seeking Friendship and Support.
Project Damocles. (Death Row Penn-Pals)
Postmark: "Death Row U.S.A." - Death Row "Mother" (Cleveland Sun, February 20, 1997) Alabama: Thomas D. Arthur
Alabama: Timothy Charles Davis
Alabama: Trace Duncan
Alabama: William Dave Scott
Alabama: Phillip Wayne Tomlin
Arizona: Michael Apelt
Arizona: Rudi Apelt
Arizona: Efren Medina
Arizona: Debra Jean Milke
Arizona: Charles Reinhardt
Arizona: Richard Rossi
Arizona: Teddy Washington
Arkansas: Damien Echols
Arkansas: Frankie Parker
California: Steven Ainsworth
California: James Anderson
California: Dean Carter "Dead Man Talkin'"
California: Dean Carter "Dead Man Talkin'"
California: Dean Carter "Dead Man Talkin'"
California: Armenia Levi Cudjo Jr.
California: Scott Collins
California: Glenn Cornwell
California: Daniel Frederickson
California: Raymond Gurule
California: MIchael Hamilton
California: Michael Hunter's Writing
California: Franklin Lynch
California: Gregory Tate
California: Tom Thompson
Delaware: Jack Outten
Federal: David Paul Hammer
Florida: Lancelot Armstrong
Florida: Ronald Clark
Florida: Loran Cole
Florida: Henry Davis
Florida: Jason Derrick
Florida: Crosley Green
Florida: Amos King
Florida: Michael Lambrix
Florida: Virginia Larzelere
Florida: Krishna Maharaj
Florida: Antonio Melton
Florida: Troy Merck
Florida: Anthony Mungin
Florida: Milo Rose
Florida: Paul Scott
Florida: Paul Scott (Friends Call for Action)
Florida: Gerald E. Stano
Florida: Thomas A. Wyatt
Florida: Tommy Zeigler
Georgia: Robert Butts
Idaho: Mark Lankford
Idaho: Mark Lankford (Save the Big Bull)
Idaho: Robin Lee Row
Illinois: Donnie Bull
Illinois: Ron Burt
Illinois: Mario Flores
Illinois: William Jones
Illinois: Aaron Patterson
Illinois: Darrin Shatner
Indiana: Rufus Averhart (Zolo Agona Azania)
Indiana: Rufus Averhart (Zolo Agona Azania)
Indiana: Keith Canaan
Indiana: Perry S. Miller
Indiana: Michael Dean Overstreet
Indiana: Christopher Peterson (Obadyah Ben-Yisrayal)
Indiana: Christopher Peterson (Obadyah Ben-Yisrayal)
Indiana: Gregory Rouster (Gamba Mateen Rastafari)
Indiana: Gregory Rouster (Gamba Mateen Rastafari)
Kentucky: The State-Sponsored Killing of Harold McQueen
Louisiana: Glen Seals
Louisiana: John Thompson
Missouri: The International Bannister Foundation (Alan J. Bannister)
Missouri: William R. Jones
Nevada: Jimmy Kirksey
Ohio: Anthony Apanovich
Ohio: Kenny Richey
Oklahoma: Tyrone Peter Darks
Pennsylvania: The Case of Mumia Abu-Jamal: Refuse and Resist
Pennsylvania: Mumia Abu-Jamal News Service
Pennsylvania: Free Mumia Abu-Jamal (Pennsylvania)
Pennsylvania: Mumia Trial and Appeals Transcripts)
Pennsylvania: Justice 4 Police Officer Daniel Faulkner (Victim of Mumia Abu Jamal)
Pennsylvania: Tribute to Police Officer Daniel Faulkner (Victim of Mumia Abu Jamal)
Pennsylvania: Jermont Cox
Pennsylvania: Jimmy Dennis
Pennsylvania: Jimmy Dennis
Pennsylvania: Thomas J. Gorby
Pennsylvania: Anthony Fletcher
Pennsylvania: Ralph Stokes
Pennsylvania: Melvin Troy
Pennsylvania: Nicholas Yarris
Pennsylvania: Nicholas Yarris
Tennessee: Philip Workman
Texas: Odell Barnes, Jr.
Texas: James Beathard (Gabi Uhl)
Texas: Clifford Boggess (Gabi Uhl)
Texas: Domingo Cantu
Texas: Domingo Cantu
Texas: George Cordova
Texas: Robert Coulson
Texas: John Dewberry
Texas: Martin A. Draughon
Texas: Richard Drinkard
Texas: Emile Duhamel
Texas: Robert Fratta
Texas: Norman Evans Green
Texas: Anthony Graves
Texas: David Lee Herman
Texas: David Hicks
Texas: Bobby Ray Hopkins
Texas: Bobby Ray Hopkins
Texas: Jimmy Jackson
Texas: Kevin Kincy
Texas: Miguel Angel Martinez
Texas: Miguel Angel Martinez
Texas: Michael L. McBrides
Texas: Farley C. Matchett
Texas: Jamie McCoskey
Texas: Michael Patrick Moore
Texas: Charles Nealy
Texas: Pam Perillo
Texas: Granville Riddle
Texas: Larry Keith Robison
Texas: Darlie Routier
Texas: Darlie Routier (By Don Lemaire)
Texas: James Session
Texas: Michael Sharp: The Jericho Road
Texas: Hank Skinner
Texas: Max Soffar
Texas: Max Soffar
Texas: Karla Faye Tucker
Texas: Bobby West
Texas: Nanon Williams
Virginia: Derek Rocco Barnabei

TIMOTHY MCVEIGH / OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING

"KWTV Special Report on the Oklahoma City Bombing."
Names, ages, and photos of McVeigh's 168 murder victims; History and timeline; Court transcripts and documents; Who's Who; Department of Justice Costs; News archives; Video Clips. "Oklahoma City Bombing Trials." (CNN.Com Special Report)
The Bombing; The Courtroom Cast; The McVeigh Trial; The Nichols Trial; Trial Transcripts; Video Almanac of the 1995 Bombing; Links; "After Oklahoma City, a Special Report." (PBS Online News Hour 2001)
Links to articles and video on the Oklahoma City bombing, and the McVeigh trial and execution. Court Transcript of jury verdict for a death sentence returned against Timothy McVeigh. (June 13, 1997)
Official jury verdict reciting the special findings of aggravating and mitigating circumstances in the case of United States of America v. Timothy James McVeigh in Criminal Action No. 96-CR-68 in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado, in Denver, Colorado on June 13, 1997. "Victims' Rights - and Wrongs in the McVeigh Trial." by Bruce Shapiro. (Salon Magazine, June 13, 1997)
Why the Prosecution did not let us hear from the relatives of the dead who did not want Timothy McVeigh to die? Evansville Courier & Press: The Death Penalty. (2001)
Latest death penalty headlines and links to over 200 archived McVeigh news articles from the Evansville Courier published since 1997; Photo series on McVeigh Execution; Photo series on Kentucky Death Penalty; Death Penalty Links; Real Player Video of Terre Haute Federal Prison and Execution Chamber; Real Video of Evansville Town Hall Forum, Eye for an Eye (May 14, 2001). "U.S. Supreme Court Turns Down Request to Tape McVeigh Execution," by Anne Gearan. (APBNews June 11, 2001)
The U.S. Supreme Court turned down a request to allow videotaping of the execution of convicted mass killer Timothy McVeigh. The request to videotape his execution had come from lawyers in a separate case of Joseph Menard, who could face the same method of execution if convicted of a 1999 bombing. The lawyers had argued the videotape footage could be helpful in their legal argument that lethal injection is cruel and unusual punishment, and therefore unconstitutional. "Court: No Taping of McVeigh's Execution," by Joseph A. Slobodzian. (Philly.Com June 9, 2001)
A federal appeals court in Philadelphia yesterday reversed a lower-court ruling that would have required the videotaping of Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh's execution. Yahoo Full Coverage News: McVeigh Execution / Oklahoma City Bombing.
Links to news articles, magazine articles, audio/video, editorials and court documents from major media outlets on the execution of Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing. A collection of anti-death penalty news articles in 2001 on McVeigh execution, from Deathrow Speaks.
Reposting of 45 news articles in 2001 from major media outlets on the execution of Oklahoma City Bomber Timothy McVeigh, including McVeigh's last words and lawyer's statements, FBI documents, No autopsy agreement, execution stays, etc. "Demonstrators Gather in Terre Haute to Protest McVeigh Execution," by Shannon Dininny. (AP/APBNews June 11, 2001)
Demonstrators quoted like celebrities, decrying the inhumanity of our government daring to enforce the death penalty against McVeigh on the eve of his execution. "A Father's Urge to Forgive," by Bud Welch. (Time June 16, 1997)
Short essay from father of Oklahoma City bombing victim, who has become outspoken critic of the death penalty. Statement from McVeigh Attorneys following his Execution. (AP June 11, 2001)
Short statement released by attorney Robert Nigh on the execution of his client, Tim McVeigh, following the execution on June 11, 2001 at Terre Haute. (reposted by 'Against the Death Penalty") McVeigh: Sentenced to Die (PBS Online, June 13, 1997)
"Interview With Timothy McVeigh," by Patrick Cole. (Time.Com March 30, 1966)
"Martyr Without A Cause: The Sad, Destructive & Wasted Life Of Timothy McVeigh," by Jane Wanklin.
The McVeigh Execution: Articles, Documents, and Video from CNN.Com.
The Oklahoma City Bombing Case: The Trial of Timothy McVeigh. (CourtTV, 1998)
Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report. (WashingtonPost.Com)
"Oklahoma DA Macy Disqualified in Nichols Trial for Emotional Ties," by Tim Talley. (ABCNews/AP October 16, 2000)
"McVeigh Executed; Dies With His Eyes Open," by Rex W. Huppke. (APBNews June 11, 2001)
"Oklahoma Bomber McVeigh Executed." (ITN Great Britian News June 11, 2001)
"The McVeigh Effect: Eclipsing the Truth About Federal Death Row," by Earl Ofari Hutchinson. (Salon.Com May 9, 2001)
"McVeigh to Macbeth: The Difference Between Revenge, Retribution, and Right." (Reason Online July 2001)
"McVeigh Proves Why We Need a Moratorium on the Death Penalty," by Tom Lowenstein. (American Prospect May 15, 2001)
U.S.A. v. McVeigh: June 7, 2001 Order Denying Final Stay of Execution. (About.Com)
U.S.A. v. McVeigh: "Notice of Intent to Forego Further Appeals," from The Smoking Gun. (2001)
Timothy McVeigh Vigo County Death Certificate, from The Smoking Gun. (2001)
"No Autopsy" Agreement between McVeigh and Vigo County Coroner, from The Smoking Gun. (2001)

GARY GRAHAM A/K/A SHAKA SANKOFA

Gary Graham (Texas) and the Anti-Death Penalty Movement: A Case Study Of Lies. (Justice For All)
"A Furor Over a Lone Star Execution: Gary Graham," by Toni Locy. (US News Online July 3, 2000)
"Texas Executes Defiant Graham," by John Moritz. (Fort Worth Star June 22, 2000)
"Texas Executes Graham for 1981 Murder Despite Pleas of Innocence." (CNN Online June 23, 2000)
Gary Graham: His Final Statement.
The Case of Shaka Sankofa f/k/a Gary Graham, from Violette's Page.
Gary Graham Factsheet.(Campaign to End the Death Penalty)
"Executed Killer (Gary Graham) Calls America's Blacks to Arms," by Ben Fenton. (London Telegraph June 24, 2000)
"To Execute a Murderer: Gary Graham," by Evan Gahr. (American Spectator June 23, 2000)
Texas: Gary Graham's Son Convicted of Murder.

KARLA FAYE TUCKER

The Case of Karla Faye Tucker
Links to the Home Page and statements of Karla Faye Tucker and news reports of her case, her appeals, and her execution, from The Law Lounge. "Karla Faye Tucker: Why So Many Want to Save Her, " by S.C. Gwynne Austin. (Time.Com, January 19, 1998)
Karla Faye Tucker is the nicest woman on Death Row. while she is removed from the person who committed her horrible crime, she most certainly will be the one to die for it. Karla Faye Tucker Challenges Texas Clemency Procedures. (CNN, January 20, 1998)
CNN Interactive News Report on the constitutional challenge by Karla Faye Tucker to the Texas Clemency procedures on the eve of her execution. Clemency Decisions and the Case of Karla Faye Tucker. (University of Arizona)
Memo to the Texas Board of Parole and Pardons on the consideration of clemency for Karla Faye Tucker, from University of Arizona faculty, including a preliminary report suggesting that Clemency Boards meet as a group, provide public explanations for decisions, and that national standards be adopted. Texas v. Karla Faye Tucker, Habeas Corpus. (CourtTV)
Article and full text of 150 page Writ of Habeas Corpus filed on behalf of Karla Faye Tucker. Texas: Karla Faye Tucker's Original Memorial Homepage.
Growing Up; Karla's Writings; Karla Links; Feedback & Chat Room; Karla's Song; Media Coverage and Video; Legal Documents; The Real Karla.

MUMIA ABU-JAMAL

Justice 4 Police Officer Daniel Faulkner (Victim of Mumia Abu Jamal)
Website dedicated to the Philadelphia Police Officer murdered by Mumia Abu Jamal, the prolific "journalist" convicted and sentenced to death in 1982, who has mounted an aggressive web campaign of disinformation. Facts from the trial and appeal are provided to dispel myths created by that campaign. Mumia Abu-Jamal: The Crime, the Case, the Cause, the Facts, from Philly.Com.
Thorough discussion of the murder of Daniel Faulkner, the trial and appeal of Mumia Abu-Jamal, and the intense international attention drawn to the case. Conscious effort to present both sides of the issues, with loads of links. Pennsylvania: Mumia Trial and Appeals Transcripts)
Spotlight on Mumia Abu-Jamal with links from 4Anything.Com.
Free Mumia Abu Jamal (Pennsylvania)
Tribute to Police Officer Daniel Faulkner (Victim of Mumia Abu Jamal)
Editorial: "The Wrong Emblem: Mumia Frenzy Clouds Case vs. Death Penalty." (Philly.Com August 1, 2000)
"Pennsylvania Children's Crusade to Death Row," by C. Clark Kissinger. (Infoshop Alternative News)
"The Meaning of Mumia," by Millie Barnet. (Sonoma County Free Press)
"What's Mumia Got to Do With It? by Marc Cooper. (MotherJones Reality Check February 9, 2000)
"Live From Death Row," by Mumia Abu-Jamal. (Excerpts from Yale Law Journal 1991)
Mumia Links (20+) and Writings from Mumia. (Capital Punishment The Ultimate Injustice)
The Case of Mumia Abu-Jamal: Refuse and Resist
Mumia Abu-Jamal News Service from Afrikan.Net.

DEAD MAN WALKING / SISTER HELEN PREJEAN

Frontline: Angel on Death Row: The Real Life Cases of "Dead Man Walking"
"America's Death Row Nun is a Favourite for the Nobel Peace Prize," by David Wastell. (London Telegraph July 9, 2000)
"Sister Helen Prejean, the Real Woman Behind Dead Man Walking," by John Bookser Feister. (St. Anthony Messenger April 1996)
Speech by Sister Helen Prejean on the Death Penalty. (1995)
"Celebrity Nun Continues Anti-Death Crusade," by Frances Ann Burns. (APBNews October 9, 2000)
Live Nun Talking: An Interview by Alan Moroney with Sister Helen Prejean.
"Would Jesus Pull the Switch?" by Sister Helen Prejean. (Salt of the Earth Magazine 1997)
Sister Helen Prejean and Dead Man Walking. (Salon Magazine)
Keynote Address by Sister Helen Prejean at the Conference on Dying in Prisons and Jails.
Dead Man Walking and Death Penalty Litigation by David George. (Court TV)
Dead Man Talkin' by Dean in San Quentin on Death Row.

EXECUTION BY CONSENT / WAIVER OF APPEALS

"Volunteering to Die: How Do you Defend a Client," by Harriet Ryan. (CourtTV November 3, 1999)
"Michael Ross: Why a Killer Offers to Die," by Martha Elliott. (Connecticut Law Tribune, April 29, 1996)
"Using Execution as Public Suicide," by David Rickard. (Log Cabin Democrat, March 14, 1999)
Death Row Prisoner Waives Appeals, Changes Mind, Then Dies of Natural Causes. (Las Vegas Review, July 27, 1998)
"The Execution of The Volunteer," by Alan Johnson. (Columbus Dispatch, February 21, 1999)
"Death By Lethal Injection: Wilford Berry's Final Hours." (News Net 5, February 18, 1999)
Kentucky: "Murderer McQueen Executed," by Gregory Hall. (Cincinnati Enquirer, July 1, 1997)
"Ohio Court Rules Against Inmate's Plea to Give Up Death Penalty Appeals." (Columbus Dispatch July 13, 2000)
"Condemned Prisoners Opting To Die," by Richard Willing. (USA Today, February 1, 1999)

FAMOUS / HISTORICAL DEATH PENALTY TRIALS

The Crime Library. (Dark Horse Multimedia, Inc.)
Detailed accounts of the crime, the evidence and arguments at trial, the verdict and appeals, in scores of famous historical trials, many involving the death penalty, including: Leopold and Loeb (1924); Sacco and Vanzetti (1920); Bruno Richard Hauptmann (1935); The Rosenbergs (1951); The Scottsboro Boys (1931-1937); Charles Starkweather (1958); Charles Manson (1970-71); Jeffrey MacDonald (1979); Ted Bundy (1978-80); John Wayne Gacy (1980); Richard Ramirez, The Night Stalker (1989). (some slanted anti-government commentary) Famous American Trials by Law Professor Doug Linder. (University of Missouri at Kansas City)
Detailed recitation of the evidence, arguments, and verdicts in 12 famous historical trials, some involving death penalty issues, including: Leopold and Loeb Trial (1924); Scopes "Monkey" Trial (1925); Rosenbergs Trial (1951); Amistad Trials (1839-1840); Bill Haywood Trial (1907); Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692); My Lai Courts Martial (1970); Scottsboro Trials (1931-1937); Dakota Conflict Trials (1862); Mississippi Burning Trial (1967); Chicago Seven Conspiracy Trial (1969-70); Johnson Impeachment Trial(1868). "Capital Punishment 101: A 20th Century History," by J.J. Maloney. (Crime Magazine, February 8, 1999)
Thorough article discussing capital punishment in the U.S. during the 20th century, summarizing the notorious trials of Sacco and Vanzetti, Bruno Hauptman, the Scottsboro Boys, the Rosenbergs, Caryl Chessman, and Karla Faye Tucker; Also outlines the rulings of the Warren and Renquist Supreme Courts. Famous Cases: Historically Noteworthy Executions. (CBS News)
Very short summaries of noteworthy cases, including Sacco and Vanzetti, Bruno Hauptman, The Rosenbergs, Gary Gilmore, Ted Bundy, Karla Faye Tucker and Timothy McVeigh. Crimes of the Century from APBNews.Com.
Excellent feature with articles and links on famous 20th century crimes, including the McKinley Assasination, St. Valentine's Day Massacre, Lindberg Kidnapping, Rosenburgs, Kennedy Assasination, M.L. King Assasination, Watergate, Ted Bundy, O.J. Simpson, and Oklahoma City Bombing. The Greatest Trials of All Time. (CourtTV, 1998)
Detailed accounts of famous historical trials, some involving the death penalty, including: The Scopes Monkey Trial (1925); Sacco and Vanzetti (1920); The Scottsboro Boys (1931-1937); The Court Martial of Lt. Calley (1971), with photos and real video from CourtTV. Oyez: U.S. Supreme Court Oral Arguments
Oral arguments in notable United States Supreme Court cases from the Oyez Project of Northwestern University. (Real Audio format) Woodson v. North Carolina: The Rest of the Story (November 5, 1998)
WRAL Channel 5 Raleigh, North Carolina TV News report: "Former Death Row Inmate Given Second Life By Courts," on the life of James Woodson of Woodson v. North Carolina fame, out of prison since 1991. "The Fugitive" Case: Sam Sheppard Wrongful Imprisonment Trial. (Court TV 2000)
Up to date reports on the Sam Sheppard murder conviction and appeal in the 1950's , as well as the unsuccessful civil trial brought by his son against the State of Ohio trying to clear his name in the 1990's. Witchcraft in Salem Village.
A history of the infamous Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Recalling Other "Trials of the Century," by Calvin Woodward. (Polk Online/AP, January 10, 1999)
The Trial of the Unabomber, Theodore Kaczynski. (CourtTV, 1999)
The Lindbergh Case: The Trial of the Century. (Hunterdon County Democrat, 1999)
Richard Allen Davis: Jury Recommends Death in Klaas Murder. (CNN, August 5, 1996)
Sam Reese Sheppard: The Civil Trial. (CUADP)
Caryl Chessman, The Red-Light Bandit. (USC Information Services)
"The Case of Sacco and Vanzetti," by Felix Frankfurter. (Atlantic Monthly, March 1927)

NOTORIOUS MURDERERS, SERIAL KILLERS

Serial Killers Exposed.
Internet Crime Archives.
50th Anniversary of the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives.
The Serial Killer Info Site.
Murder, Inc.
Access Manson - A Web Site Dedicated to Charles Manson.
Gary Gilmore's Home on the Web.
"Henry Lee Lucas," by Bonnie Bobit from Crime Magazine.
"In Cold Blood: A Dishonest Book," by J.J. Maloney. (Perry Smith and Richard Hickock)
"What We Learned from Ted Bundy," by Leilani Corpus. (March 1989)
Ted Bundy, form The Crime Web Serial Killer Website.

DEATH PENALTY HUMOR & CURIOSITY

TheElectricChair.com
One of the few death penalty sites without an agenda, retaining a sense of humor, albeit a weird one. Nevertheless includes useful death penalty information; biology of electrocution, botched executions, interview with designer of Sing Sing electric chair, tour of death row, movie clips of Richard Speck in prison and photos of Ted Bundy in the morgue. Fantasy Death Row
A twist on fantasy baseball, choose 3 death row inmates and collect points for pardon, clemency, stay, execution, proved innocent. The points are added up at the end of the year, with prizes. Good set of links. Can't tell whether the author is pro or anti-death penalty. Daryl Cagle's Professional Cartoonists Index: The Death Penalty. (updated regularly)
A Gallery of Anti-Death Penalty Cartoons from Gallows.Com.
"Kids' New Rage: Executing Marv," by Michelle Delio. (Wired.Com August 10, 2000)
"Death Row Marv" from McFarlane Toys. (2000 Catalog)
An "Electric Chair" Version of the Popular Word Game "Hangman," from Booga Hoollar.
The Modern World Comics on the Death Penalty, by Tom Tomorrow. (Salon.Com February 14, 2000)
Ted Bundy Jokes from DeathSucks.Com.
Photo of Federal Execution Chamber, with short commentary by "The Comedy of Michael Chaney."
Last Words of Executed Prisoners. (Au Revoir Les Inmates)
The Lighter Side of Death Row: Last Meals of the Condemned (NY Times January 4, 1998 )
Last Meals of Executed Prisoners - Arizona Department of Corrections.
Last Meals and Last Words of Executed Prisoners in Texas. (San Antonio Express-News)
Final Meal Requests of Executed Inmates in Texas Since 1982. (Texas Department of Criminal Justice)
"Texas Death Row Peep Show, Proudly Listing Last Meals and Last Words," by Donna Ladd. (Salon.Com February 4, 2000)
"Why We're Fascinated by Death Row Cuisine," by Tony Karon. (Time.Com 2000)
Death Row Online: The First Interactive Electric Chair - You Be the Executioner.
"Death Row Trivia" by Bonnie Bobit from Crime Magazine.
Electric Chair Humor from ElectricChair.Com.
"Political Suicide: Florida Lawmaker Suggests Crucifixion. (Goofball.Com January 12, 2000)
Recipe for Capital Punishment Chili.
Death Row Dog: 3 Year Old Lab Gets Reprieve from Death Sentence for Killing Rooster. (AP February 11, 1997)
Abolitionwear T-Shirts, Caps, Bumper Stickers from Citizens United for Alternatives to the Death Penalty.
Pro-Death Penalty T-shirts from DPINFO.Com.

BENETTON DEATH ROW ADS

"We, on Death Row," from the Home Page of United Colors of Benetton.
"Ads that Think?" (Benetton's $20 Million Ad Campaign) by Elizabeth Hollander. (SheWire January 28, 2000)
"Condemned to Sell Sweaters: Benetton Appoints Troubling Spokesmen," by Harriet Ryan. (CourtTV January 7, 1999)
"Sears Pulls Benetton Clothing From Stores." (ProDeathPenalty.Com December 7, 1999)
"Missouri Attorney General Sues Benetton for Prison Trespass and Fraud." (AG Press Release February 9, 2000)
"Benetton Settles Death Row Suit." (Yahoo/AP June 15, 2001)
Amnesty International Press Release Supporting Benetton Ad Campaign. (January 10, 2000)
"Bad Boy of Benetton Says Bye," by Candice Hughes. (ABCNews Online May 2, 2000)

PHOTOS, DRAWINGS, MUSIC, MOVIES, AND ART

Photos of Allen Lee "Tiny" Davis in Electric Chair Following 1999 Florida Execution. Showcased as part of summary of the issues surrounding the use of the electric chair in Florida, by J. J. Maloney, from The Crime Encyclopedia. Following the execution, when the Florida Supreme Court ruled, yet again, that execution by electrocution is not unconstitutional, a dissenting justice attached three photographs of the execution to his dissent, and it became public record. Photos of Allen Lee "Tiny" Davis in Electric Chair Following 1999 Florida Execution. Showcased as part of anti-death penalty pages in Fight the Death Penalty in USA. Photos of Allen Lee "Tiny" Davis in Electric Chair Following 1999 Florida Execution.
Showcased as part of anti-death penalty pages in Canadian Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. Photos of Allen Lee "Tiny" Davis in Electric Chair Following 1999 Florida Execution.
(Appended to Supreme Court Dissenting Opinion of Justice Shaw in Provenzano v. Moore. (September 30, 1999 Opinion #95973) "Judge Puts Execution Photos Online," by David Noack. (APBNews Oct. 1, 1999)
"Gruesome Electric Chair Photos Used in Lawsuit." (APBNews/AP July 29, 1999)
"Justices View Graphic Electric Chair Photos." (APBNews/AP April 25, 1999)
Death Penalty Drawings and Illustrations from News Art.
Poetry from Texas Death Row Inmates. (Marion's Song)
Texas Death Row Photos by Ken Light.
Photo series on Kentucky State Prison and Death Row Inmates.
Photo of the Last Public Execution in America. (In Owensboro, KY before a crowd of 20,000)
Real Player Video of Terre Haute Federal Prison and Execution Chamber. (Evansville Courier & Press) (2001)
Photos of Oklahoma State Prison.
"Killers Lives Hang on Video Clemency Pleas," by Robert A. Phillips. (APBNews March 28, 2000)
Art From Death Row. (Capital Punishment: The Ultimate Injustice).
Executions: In a Theater Near You, from The Smoking Gun. (2001)
Official Website of "The Green Mile," starring Tom Hanks. (Warner Brothers 1999)
Official Website of "The Hurricane," starring Denzl Washington. (Universal Studios 1999)
"Dead Man Walking," starring Susan Sarandon. (1995) Reviews, plot summary and credits from Internet Movie Database.
"Last Dance," starring Sharon Stone. (1996) Reviews, plot summary and credits from Internet Movie Database.
Crime Films. (Crime Magazine)
Reviews of Anti-Death Penalty Books, Films, and Music, from "Against the Death Penalty."
Songs and Stories about the Death Penalty.
The Death Penalty in books, films, and songs from Lorenzo and Paolo.
Books About the Death Penalty in Texas. (Gabi Uhl)
"Dead Man Walking: The Opera opens in San Francisco." (The Guardian October 10, 2000)
Abolition Art (poems and collage) from Nebraskans Against the Death Penalty.
Arizona Death Row Inmate photos.
Indiana Death Row Inmate photos. (Clark County Prosecuting Attorney)
Indiana Death Row Inmate photos. (Ft. Wayne News-Sentinel, May 28, 1997)
Florida Death Row Inmate photos.
Kentucky Death Row Inmate Photos. (Fayette County Commonwealth Attorney Ray Larsen)
Missouri Death Row Inmate Photos.
North Carolina Death Row Inmate Photos. (NC Department of Corrections)
Ohio Death Row Inmate photos.
Tennessee Death Row Inmate photos.
Texas Death Row Inmate Photos.
Photos of Texas inmates executed in 1997. (Ft. Worth Star-Telegram, December 1998)
Welcome to Huntsville: Texas and the Death Penalty.
Photos of 14 men executed by Virginia in 1999. (Virginian-Pilot Online)
Photos of Women Currently on Death Row in the United States. (ABC News)
"A Capital Punishment Comic Book," from Fowlerville, Michigan high school students.
Photos and Illustrations of historical electrocutions from "Old Sparky." (Craig Brandon)
Photos and Illustrations of historical methods of torture and execution from Madame Guillotine.
Photos of Torture and Death Penalty Instruments From the Middle Ages to the Industrial Era.
Photos of approved execution methods. (ABC News: Reckoning the Death Penalty)
Photos/Illustrations of historical execution methods from Capital Punishments.
Some Photos/Illustrations of historical execution methods from Belleville, Illinois Diocese.
Photos/Illustrations of various methods of execution through the years, from Lorenzo and Paolo.
Illustrations/Diagrams of Federal Lethal Injection Chamber with Real Video.
Photo of Federal Execution Chamber and Lethal Injection Gurney at Terre Haute, Indiana.
Electric Chair photo from News Matters Video Program.
Electric Chair and Lethal Injection Gurney photos. (Florida)
Photo of newly constructed oak Electric Chair. (Florida)
Electric Chair Photo. (Ohio)
Electric Chair Photo. (Alabama / "Yellow Mama")
Lethal Injection Death Chamber photo. (Oregon)
Photo of Lethal Injection Chamber. (Texas)
Photo of Lethal Injection Chamber. (Texas)
Photo of Lethal Injection Chamber, Prison and Cemetery. (Texas)
Photo of Lethal Injection Chamber. (Ohio)
Photo of Lethal Injection Chamber. (Ohio)
Photo of Lethal Injection Gurney. (North Carolina)
Photos of Death Row, the Gas Chamber and Lethal Injection table. (California)
Photo of Gas Chamber and Lethal Injection Gurney. (Arizona)
Photos of Gas Chamber. (North Carolina)
Photo of Gas Chamber. (Wyoming)
Photo of Hanging Noose and Board used in 1994. (Washington)
Photo of Gallows: "The Last Public Execution in America," a book by Perry T. Ryan. (1992)

INDIANA DEATH PENALTY SITES

Clark County Indiana Prosecuting Attorney
Comprehensive information on the Death Penalty in Indiana, including statistics, executions since 1900, current death row (with photos), Indiana death penalty laws, history, and methods of execution, with factual and legal summaries of all death penalty cases since 1977; Up-to-date information on the Death Penalty in the United States; Over 1500 death penalty links arranged by subject, including 100 pro-death penalty links. Indianapolis Star: Capital Punishment in Indiana. (2001)
Listing of executions since 1900, with summary of those executed since 1977; History of Capital Punishment in Indiana; Photos of lethal injection gurney, Indiana State Prison Guard Tower, from the Star library. Evansville Courier & Press: The Death Penalty. (2001)
Latest death penalty headlines and links to over 200 archived McVeigh news articles from the Evansville Courier published since 1997; Photo series on McVeigh Execution; Photo series on Kentucky Death Penalty; Death Penalty Links; Real Player Video of Terre Haute Federal Prison and Execution Chamber; Real Video of Evansville Town Hall Forum, Eye for an Eye (May 14, 2001). "Spending Their Lives Waiting to Die," by Mike Dooley. (Ft. Wayne News & Sentinel May 28, 1997)
Spending Their Lives Waiting to Die: Will the State Ever Kill These Men? Is the Death Penalty Becoming a Hollow Threat? Inmate Describes Life on Death Row; Prosecutors See Life Without Parole as a More Viable Option; Sentencing Death Penalty Not Always Easy for Judges; Death May Await Kaczynski, McVeigh in Terre Haute; Photos of Current Death Row. Indiana Citizens to Abolish Capital Punishment. (ICACP)
Indiana and Federal Death Row w/photos and brief information; Indiana Death Penalty legislation; Current Events and Activities; Meeting Information; National March to Stop Executions; ICACP "In the News"; ICACP T-Shirts For Sale; Short Anti-Death Penalty Slide Show Presentations on Innocence, Cost, Deterrence, Religion, Cruel & Unusual Punishment; Short death penalty quiz. "Gettelfinger Hopes to Change Death Penalty Attitudes," by Maureen Hayden. (Evansville Courier February 17, 2001)
Short article reporting on the anti-death penalty efforts of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Evansville, Gerald Gettelfinger. "Fact Sheet: The Call in Indiana to End the Death Penalty. (Indiana Catholic Conference)
Policy statement and summary of statements and actions of the Indiana Catholic Conference to end the death penalty in Indiana. Terre Haute Abolition Network.
A grassroots network for those in the Terre Haute/Wabash Valley area who are opposed to the death penalty and would like a means of meeting and working with other abolitionists. "Death Penalty Opponents Speak Out at Statehouse," by Andy Proffet. (Evansville Courier March 7, 2001)
Indiana Death Penalty Information, recent news, case profiles, from Deathrow Speaks.
Indiana Public Defender Commission: Reimbursement for Capital Defense.
Indiana Public Defender Council: Death Penalty Facts.
Indiana Anti-DP Organizations Directory.
Indiana Directory of Prosecuting Attorneys.
Indiana Death Penalty Information. (Death Penalty Information Center)
Indiana Prosecutors Want High Court to Limit Fees in Death Penalty Cases. (AP February 8, 1999)
"Austin Promotes End to Death Penalty," by David Fuller. (Earlham College November 1997)
"$100,000 Sought for Retrial of Prowell," by Susan Taylor. (Evansville Courier March 1, 2001)
Indiana: Web Site Soliciting Protests at the Upcoming Clemency Hearing of Tommie Smith. (1996)
Indiana: Racism, Repression, and the Death Penalty in the Indiana Prison System. (inmate site)
Indiana: The Voice of Indiana's Political Prisoners. (New Afrikkan)
Indiana Students Against Racism in Prisons.
Indiana: Rufus Averhart (Zolo Agona Azania)
Indiana: Rufus Averhart (Zolo Agona Azania)
Indiana: Keith Canaan
Indiana: Perry S. Miller
Indiana: Michael Dean Overstreet
Indiana: Christopher Peterson (Obadyah Ben-Yisrayal)
Indiana: Christopher Peterson (Obadyah Ben-Yisrayal)
Indiana: Gregory Rouster (Gamba Mateen Rastafari)
Indiana: Gregory Rouster (Gamba Mateen Rastafari)

OTHER STATES / REGIONAL SITES

State Death Penalty Links. (Rick Halperin and Joan Brett, SMU)
State by State Death Penalty Information. (DPIC)
Where to Find State Death Penalty Information. (Stephanie Gibson, University of Baltimore)
State by State Summaries of Death Penalty Laws. (High School Curriculum Michigan State Univ)
State by State Biographies and contact information for Governors.
State Departments of Correction Homepages. (The Corrections Connection)
State Departments of Correction Homepages/Inmate Searches (Florida Department of Correction)
State Departments of Correction Homepages. (Indiana Department of Correction)
State by State Summary of Execution, Homicide Rates and Death Row Stats. (Capital Punishment U.S.A.)
Directory of Prosecuting Attorneys, Attorneys General, and U.S. Attorneys on the Net. (Eaton County Prosecutor)
Directory of Prosecuting Attorneys, Attorneys General, and U.S. Attorneys on the Net. (BC Law)
Directory of Public Defender Offices in the United States. (Georgia Indigent Defense)
The Abolitionist Directories: Anti-Death Penalty Organizations. (State & Local)
"Alabama Senator Sessions Defends Death Penalty from Hype," by Sam Hodges. (Alabama Live July 2, 2000)
"Alabama Doesn't Execute Innocent People," by Bill Pryor. (Huntsville Times July 4, 2000)
"Alabama Error Rate High in Death Penalty Cases," by Stan Bailey. (Birmingham News June 13, 2000)
"Poll Shows Alabamans Favor Death Penalty 63%-25%," by William Rabb. (Mobile Register July 2, 2000)
Alabama: Judicial Override: "The Judge as Lynch Mob," by Ken Silverstein. (American Prospect May 7, 2001)
"In Alabama, a Neglected Defense System Skews Death Row Justice," by Sara Rimer. (NYTimes March 1, 2000)
Alabama: "High Court Rejects Challenge to Electric Chair." (APBNews/AP February 22, 2000)
Alaska: Focus on the Death Penalty (Univ Alaska Anchorage)
Alaska: The Trial and Hanging of Nelson Charles. (Alaska Justice Forum Spring 1996)
Arizona Department of Corrections: Death Row Inmates with photos and factual summaries of cases.
Capital Punishment in Arizona, from the Capital Punishment Handbook. (9th Circuit Court of Appeals)
Arizona: Coalition of Arizonans to Abolish the Death Penalty (CAADP).
Arizona Review Commission: "Debating the Execution of Retarded Criminals," by Paul Davenport. (AP February 18, 2001)
Arkansas Department of Corrections: Death Row by name, race, gender, date and county of conviction.
"Arkansas Killer's Last Words: I love you, my babies." (AP May 3, 2000)
Arkansas: Helping Death Row Prisoners in Arkansas.
California Anti-Death Penalty Focus of California
California Dept. of Corrections (Death Row and Execution Procedures)
California Dept. of Corrections (Listing of Current Death Row)
Capital Punishment in California, from the Capital Punishment Handbook. (9th Circuit Court of Appeals)
California Coalition for Alternatives to the Death Penalty. (CCADP)
California Public Defender Home Page.
California: Conditions on San Quentin Death Row.
California Survey on the Death Penalty. (1989)
California: 73% Favor Moratorium Until Fairness Studied. (SF Chronicle June 22, 2000)
Coloradans Against the Death Penalty.
Connecticut: United Students Against the Death Penalty.
"Comparison of Capital Punishment Costs in Texas and Connecticut," by Sandra N. Bragg, Legislative Fellow.
Delaware Department of Correction (History, Executions, and Death Row)
Florida Department of Corrections Death Row Fact Sheet, Current Death Row, Executions, Statistics.
Florida Corrections Commission Report: Methods of Execution & Execution Protocols. (September 1997)
Florida Corrections Commission Report: Execution Methods Used by States. (June 1997)
Florida: "Freed From Death Row," by Sydney Freedberg. (St. Petersburg Times July 4, 1999)
Florida: Suit Filed Alleging Death Defense is a Sham. (1998 National Law Journal)
Florida: Prisoner Support Anti-Death Penalty Site. (Electric Chair/Gurney photos)
Florida: "Hugging Ban Proposed for Death Row," by Robert Anthony Phillips. (APBNews April 23, 2000)
Florida: "Death Penalty Referendum Stirs Debate," by Curtis Krueger. (St. Petersburg Times, October 16, 1998)
Florida: "Freed from Death Row," by Sydney P. Freedberg. (St. Petersburg Times, July 4, 1999)
Florida: "Gov. Bush Signs Bill Banning Death Penalty for Retarded," by Jackie Hallifax. (APBNews June 13, 2001)
Florida Inmates Can Now Choose Method of Execution. (APBNews January 15, 2000)
Florida: Post-Execution Photos of Allen Lee "Tiny" Davis. (CCADP)
Florida editorial suggesting change to Lethal Injection. (Jacksonville.Com January 13, 1998)
Florida: "Capital Cases Task Force: Racial Bias Unclear," by Joe Becker. (St. Petersburg Times April 8, 2000)
Floridians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty. (FADP)
Florida: Anti-DP Speech by former Chief Justice Kogan to Amnesty International. (October 23, 1999)
Georgia Department of Corrections: Death Row Offender Population Stats.
Georgia: Southern Center for Human Rights Death Penalty Information.
Georgia Indigent Defense Council. (GIDC)
"Georgia's New Lethal Injection Statute," by Michael Mears. (GIDC 2000)
"Georgia Needs a Racial Justice Act," by Michael Mears. (GIDC August 1998)
"Executing Children in Georgia," by Michael Mears. (GIDC 2000)
Georgia Death Row inmate writings and art, regulations, recent news, from Deathrow Speaks.
Complete Audio of the Georgia Execution Tapes 1983-1996, from SoundPortraits.Org.
"Georgia Death Chamber Tapes Aired." (23 executions from 1983-98)(CBS News May 3, 2001)
"Georgia Prison Releases Audio Tapes of Executions," by Jim Avila. (MSNBC May 2, 2001)
"Sounds of Georgia Death Chamber Will Be Heard on Public Radio," by Sara Rimer. (NYTimes May 1, 2001)
"Modern Georgia Executions, 1972-1999," by Ken Driggs. (July 7, 1999)
Capital Punishment in Idaho, from the Capital Punishment Handbook. (9th Circuit Court of Appeals)
"Idaho Service Calls for End to Death Penalty," by Shannon Lafferty. (Idaho Statesman April 22, 2000)
Idahoans for Alternatives to the Death Penalty: "A Needless and Wasteful Institution," by Gardner Hanks.
"Illinois Puts Executions on Hold." (APBNews/AP January 31, 2000)
"A Talk With Governor George Ryan," by Bruce Shapiro. The Nation January 8, 2001)
"Illinois Governor Picks Death Penalty Panel." (APBNewws/AP March 9, 2000)
"Failure of the Death Penalty in Illinois," by Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills. (Chicago Tribune November 1999)
Illinois: 30 Chicago Tribune Death Penalty Articles, January 2000 - June 2001.
Illinois: Case Summaries of 13 "Exonerations." (IllinoisDeathPenalty.Com)
IllinoisDeathPenalty.Com. (Illinois Death Row, Executions, "Exonerations")
Illinois: Against the Illinois Death Penalty - Nine Lives: The MacArthur Justice Center.
Illinois' 13 Exonerated Death Row Prisoners Since 1977. (Chicago Tribune)
Illinois: Death Row Inmates Allege Abuse at Menard Correctional Facility. (CCADP)
Illinois: Condemned Unit Inmates. (Illinois Department of Corrections)
"Illinois: The Quality of Justice in Capital Cases," by Leigh B. Bienen. (61 Law & Contemp. Probs. 193 Autumn 1998)
Illinois: "Death Penalty Reforms: New Rules to Clean up the Process," by Jeff Glasser. (U.S.News February 5, 2001)
Illinois: "Impatient for Death Penalty Reforms." (Chicago Tribune Editorial February 25, 2001)
Illinois Prosecutors Bar Association.
Iowa: Statement of Attorney General Against the Death Penalty. (February 4, 1998)
Kansas Death Penalty Guide for 1998. (Amnesty International)
Kentucky Death Row. (Fayette County Commonwealth Attorney Ray Larsen)
Kentucky: Photo series on Kentucky State Prison and Death Row Inmates.
Kentucky Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty.
Kentucky: The State Sponsored Killing of Harold McQueen.
Kentucky: "Murderer McQueen Executed," by Gregory Hall. (Cincinnati Enquirer, July 1, 1997)
Louisiana Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty.
Louisiana: Tulane Students Visit Death Row with Amnesty International. (Hullaballoo News, April 24, 1998)
Maryland Department of Correction: Capital Punishment in Maryland.
Maryland Coalition Against State Executions.
Maryland: Report Of The Governor's Commission On The Death Penalty. (April 27, 1994)
Massachusetts ACLU.
Massachusetts ACLU.
Massachusetts: Anti-Death Penalty Action Team.
Massachusetts Citizens Against the Death Penalty.
Massachusetts Death Penalty History and Facts. (Massachusetts Department of Corrections)
Massachusetts: Statehouse Testimony Against Reinstatement of the Death Penalty. (1999)
Massachusetts: Boston College Law Against the Death Penalty.
Massachusetts (Anti) Death Penalty E-Mail Network. (MADPEN)
Mississippi ACLU: The Death Penalty in Mississippi.
Missouri: Capital Punishment in Missouri from MissouriNet.
Western Missouri Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty.
Capital Punishment in Montana, from the Capital Punishment Handbook. (9th Circuit Court of Appeals)
Montana Abolition Coalition.
Nebraskans Against the Death Penalty.
"Nebraska May Put a Hold on Executions," by Warren Cohen. (USNews Online May 31, 1999)
"Nebraska Judge Rules Electric Chair Cruel and Unusual." (APBNews May 8, 2000)
"Low IQ Gets Nebraska Man Off Death Row." (APB News.Com, June 30, 1999)
Capital Punishment in Nevada, from the Capital Punishment Handbook. (9th Circuit Court of Appeals)
Nevada: An Outline of Capital Punishment. (History, Executions List)
Nevada: 85 Remain on Death Row (Las Vegas Review-Journal (October 5, 1998)
New Hampshire Coalition Against the Death Penalty.
New Hampshire's House Votes to Abolish Death Penalty. (Concord Monitor/AP March 10, 2000)
"New Hampshire Considers Abolishing Unused Death Penalty," by Robert Phillips. (APBNews March 10, 2000)
New Jerseyans for a Death Penalty Moratorium.
New Jersey: Judge Orders Death Sentence Commuted to Life if Appeals Not Completed Within 5 Years. (May 1999)
New Jersey: "Lengthy Appeals Process Delays Executions Indefinitely," by Peter Pochna. (Bergen Record June 12, 2001)
"New Jersey Finds Penalty Statistical Models Unstable," by Padraic Cassidy. (American Lawyer May 10, 1999)
New Mexico Coalition to Repeal the Death Penalty.
"New York Capital Plea Bargaining Statute Struck Down," by Gary Spencer. (New York Law Journal 1998)
New Yorkers Against the Death Penalty.
Northeast Death Penalty Abolition Organizing Pages. (CT, NY, NJ, NH, MA, RI, ME, VT)
"Capital Punishment in New York State: A Statistical Report After Five Years," from NYCDO. (2000)
New York: On Death Row in New York State.
New York State Defenders Association.
New York Capital Defender Office.
New York University Law Students Against the Death Penalty.
North Carolina and the Death Penalty. (North Carolina Department of Correction)
North Caolina People of Faith Against the Death Penalty. (PFADP)
"North Carolina Drunk Drivers on Death Row?," by Geraldine Sealey. (ABCNews.Com March 20, 2000)
"North Carolina May Give Drunk Drivers Death Penalty," by Patrik Jonsson. (CS Monitor April 3, 2000)
"Death Penalty Tied to Race in North Carolina Study," by Maurice Possley. (Chicago Tribune April 17, 2001)
The Death Penalty in North Dakota. (North Dakota Supreme Court)
Ohio: Status Reports on all Capital Cases in Ohio. (Ohio Attorney General)
Ohio: Death Row Inmates by name, race, age, county, and date of admission.
Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction: Capital Punishment in Ohio
Ohio State Survey Shows Ohioans Support Death Penalty 74% - 23%. (October 1999)
Ohioans To Stop Executions.
Ohio: "Bill Seeks to Stall, Examine Death Sentences," by Rowland and Leonard. (Columbus Dispatch July 13, 2000)
"Majority Still Support Ohio's Death Penalty," by Alan Johnson (Columbus Dispatch August 6, 2000)
"The Execution of The Volunteer," by Alan Johnson. (Columbus Dispatch, February 21, 1999)
"Death By Lethal Injection: Wilford Berry's Final Hours." (News Net 5, February 18, 1999)
Oklahoma Department of Corrections: Capital Punishment in Oklahoma.
Oklahoma Death Penalty Institute.
Oklahoma Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. (OCADP)
Oklahoma Death Penalty Appeals Process: From Conviction to Execution. (OCADP)
Oklahoma: Old Habits Die Hard: AI Report on the Death Penalty in Oklahoma. (April 2001)
"Oklahoma Executes Man for 1990 Murder of Pizza Delivery Girl. (APBNews March 23, 2000)
The Death Penalty in Oregon. (Oregon Department of Correction)
Capital Punishment in Oregon, from the Capital Punishment Handbook. (9th Circuit Court of Appeals)
Oregon Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty.
Pennsylvania: "The Madness of Life on Pennsylvania's Death Row." (Salon Magazine, September 1998)
Pennsylvania DOC Bulletin on Privileges to Death Row Inmates. (March 23, 1998)
Pennsylvania: Short Report on Visit to Death Row by Cynthia Blumenthal.
South Carolina: Capital Punishment and Death Row. (South Carolina Department of Corrections)
Tennessee: "Executions in Tennessee," by Kathleen R. Merrill. (The Jackson Sun 2000)
Tennessee Coalition to Abolish State Killing. (TCASK)
Tennessee: "Death Row Inmate (Philip Workman) Says He's Praying for Governor." (AP, November 6, 1998)
Tennessee: "Doubt on Death Row: Phillip Workman," by Ashley Fantz. (Salon.Com September 14, 2000)
"Tennessee Executes Its First in 40 Years, Robert Glen Coe." (APBNews April 19, 2000)
Texas Department of Criminal Justice: Death row history, facts, executions and death row.
Texas: History, Executions, Death Row (San Antonio Express-News)
Texas: "Death and Texas," with 1997 photos and case summaries.(Ft. Worth Star-Telegram, December 1998)
Texas: "Support for Death Penalty Still Strong at 73%," by Christopher Lee. (Dallas Morning News June 22, 2000)
"Why Texas is the Execution Capital," by Robert Bryce. (Christian Science Monitor, December 1998)
Texas: "Inmates' Legal Representation Questioned," by Chitra Ragavan. (U.S. News August 16, 1999)
"Why is Texas #1 in Executions?" by Ned Walpin. (PBS Frontline)
Texas: The Escape of Death Row Prisoner Martin Gurule. (ABCNews.Com November 1998)
Texas: Body in river was death-row escapee Martin Gurule. (AP December 1998)
Texas: Death Row Inmate Gets New Trial, Attorney General Missed Deadline. (Abeline News, November 8, 1997)
Texas: "Report Slams Death Penalty Process, by Frances Ann Burns. (APBNews September 25, 2000)
Texas: "State of Execution," by Mills, Armstrong, and Holt. (Chicago Tribune June 11-12, 2000)
Texas Execution Information Center.
Texas Moratorium Network.
"Texas Executes 200th Person Since 1982." (APBNews/AP January 13, 2000)
"Texas: The Death Factory," by Bob Herbert. (NYTimes October 2, 2000)
Texas: Killing Without Mercy - Clemency Procedures in Texas. (Amnesty International, June 1999)
Texas: Outgoing Attorney General Says Death Penalty Biased. (Corpus Christi Times, December 21, 1998)
Texas: "Shadow Figures: A Portrait of Life on the Row," by Suzanne Donovan. (Mother Jones Newswire, July 30, 1997)
Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty.
Texas Amnesty International Austin (AI500) Against the Death Penalty in Texas and the U.S.A.
Texas Defender Service Report Assails Texas Death Penalty, by Jim Yardley.(Seattle Post October 16, 2000)
"Texas Death Row Peep Show, Proudly Listing Last Meals and Last Words," by Donna Ladd. (Salon.Com February 4, 2000)
Texas Death Row Living Conditions and Daily Schedule from Caz.
Welcome to Huntsville: Texas and the Death Penalty.
Texas Death Row Project: The Lamp of Hope.
Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association.
"Texas Prisons Locked Down After Slaying." (APBNews/AP March 17, 2000)
"Texas Executes Black Widow, Betty Lou Beets." (APBNews/AP February 24, 2000)
Texas Congressman Henry B. Gonzalez Anti-Death Penaty Remarks.
Texas: Gary Graham's Son Convicted of Murder.
Texas: NPR Real Audio. A typical execution day in the city of Huntsville. (20 min.)
Texas Death Row inmate writings and art, recent news, from Deathrow Speaks.
Utah: Death Penalty History by L. Kay Gillespie, from "The Unforgiven: A History of Utah's Executed Men." (1991)
Virginians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty.
Virginia: The Men on the Row.
Virginia: "A Deadly Record, 14 Men executed in 1999," a feature from the Virginian-Pilot Online.
"Virginia Death Sentences Fall When Parole Not an Option," by Peter Finn. (Washington Post, February 3, 1997)
"A Rush on Virginia's Death Row," by Brooke Masters. (Washington Post April 28, 2000)
"Virginia Death Row Justice Comes Under Legal Fire," by Brooke Masters. (Detroit News May 3, 2000)
Virginia Death Row Information Web Site.
"Former Virginia Attorney General Now Death Penalty Foe," by Carrie Johnson. (Richmond Times February 12, 2000)
Virginia ACLU Report Claims Virginia Death Penalty Is Unequal, Unfair and Irreversible. (April 8, 2000)
Virginia Anti-Death Penalty Information and Execution Information. (Richmond Peace Education Center)
"Virginia Death Penalty Assailed/Robertson Backs Moratorium," by Andrew Petkofsky. (Richmond Times April 8, 2000)
Washington: Status Report on the Death Penalty. (Justice Richard P. Guy March 2000)
Washington State Death Penalty Information. (Washington DOC)
Washington Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty.
Capital Punishment in Washington, from the Capital Punishment Handbook. (9th Circuit Court of Appeals)
Washington: Recent Executions.
Washington: "Pierce County Known for Toughness in Capital Cases, by Lise Olsen. (Seattle Post November 1, 2000)
Death Penalty History in West Virginia. ("Thy Brother's Blood" by Stan Bumgardner and Christine Kreiser)
Wisconsin: "Hangman's Work Here Changed Law," by Don Jensen. (Kenosha News)
Wisconsin Senator Feingold's Death Penalty Page.
Wisconsin Senator Feingold Anti-Death Penalty Speech to Death Penalty Focus. (The Nation May 15, 2000)
Wisconsin: "Gruesome Execution in 1851 Helped End Death Penalty," by Dennis McCann. (Milw Journal March 24, 1998)
Wisconsin: Testimony of Waring R. Fincke Against Reinstatement of Death Penalty in Wisconsin.

INTERNATIONAL

"Death Penalty Update, Here and Abroad," by John Gettings. (InfoPlease.Com 2000)
"Alone, Among Nations," by David Shapinsky. (ABCNews.Com October 12, 1999)
The Death Penalty: At Home and Abroad. (ABCNews.Com April 4, 2000)
The Death Penalty: An International Perspective. (DPIC)
USA: Failing the Future - Death Penalty Developments March 1998 - March 2000. (Amnesty International)
"International Standards on the Death Penalty," from Amnesty International. (August 1997)
Complete Listing of Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries. (Amnesty International 06/01/01)
World Map of the Death Penalty: Abolitionist & Retentionist. (North America Project)
United Nations Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions.
"Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty." (United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 1989)
Press Release: U.S. Votes Against U.N. Resolution on Death Penalty. (April 25, 2001)
51 Countries Challenge U.N. Commission on Human Rights Death Penalty Resolution.
The European Parliament asks for Universal Abolition of the Death Penalty. (June 12, 1997)
Death in Venice: Europe's Death Penalty Elitism. (New Republic Online July 31, 2000)
"Capital Punishment in Europe is More Popular Than Its Politicians Admit," by Anthony J. Blinken. (TimeEurope May 21, 2001)
"McVeigh Case Shows How Differently Europe/America View Capital Punishment," by Thomas Sanction. (TimeEurope May 21, 2001)
European Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty.
The International Bannister Foundation.
"McVeigh Execution Spurs European Condemnation," by Matt Spetalnick. (Philly.Com June 11, 2001)
"McVeigh Execution Denounced in Europe." (St. Petersburg Times June 11, 2001)
"Europe Seeks to Convert U.S. on the Death Penalty," by Tom Hundley. (Chicago Tribune June 26, 2000)
Overview of U.S. Death Penalty from ITN Network News. (Great Britian 2001)
International Commission of Jurists: Abolition of the Death Penalty.
Amnesty International on Abolishing the Death Penalty.
"Amnesty Takes a Closer Look at World Executions," by Martin Fackler. (Philly.Com June 9, 2001)
Tyburn Tree Homepage: Public Executions in Early Modern England.
Amnesty International: Towards a World Without Executions.
European Union: Death Penalty Law and Policy Overview.
Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Conference on the Abolition of the Death Penalty.
U.S. Statement on Capital Punishment to Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. (U.S. Secretary of State)
"On Italy's Passionate Opposition to the Death Penalty," by Gayle Young. (CNN February 24, 2000)
U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany: Dossier on Capital Punishment.
United States Embassy in France, with overview and links on death penalty.
The First World Congress Against the Death Penalty, Strasbourg June 21-23, 2001.
"Pena De Morte," by Jerson Cesar Leão Alves. (Brazil)
Amnesty International - Australia.
Capital Punishment in Australia. (Australia Institute of Criminology)
Austrailian Coalition Against the Death Penalty.
Austrailian Coalition Against the Death Penalty.
Amnesty International - Austria.
The Death Penalty: When Life Generates Death (Legally) from Lorenzo and Paolo in Italy.
"South Africa: Capital Punishment, A Deterrent to Crime" by Jamiatul Ulama.
Switzerland: Lifespark, a swiss organization against the death penalty.
Death Penalties in Palestine 1995-1997.
US Leads the World in Killing Kids. (NCADP Factsheet)
Friends For Life - A U.K. Death Penalty Abolition Page.
Capital Punishment - U.K.: THE Capital Punishment Resource Site.
Overview of the Death Penalty in the World, from the Transnational Radical Party.
Toward the Abolishment of the Death Penalty in Japan by Koichi Kikuta. (Meiji University)
The Death Penalty in Japan. (Keio University)
"Japan Carries Out Executions in Near-Secrecy," by Howard W. French. (NY Times on the Web, December 20, 1999)
"The Death Penalty and Due Process in Guatemala," by William Clark Harrell. (Center for Human Rights)
Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty.
Bring Back Capital Punishment. (Canada)
"Why I Was Right About Capital Punishment," from Julius Caesar. (Canada)
British Columbia: Anti-Death Penalty Essay from the B.C. Civil Liberties Association.
"Stop the Death Penalty in Iran - Now!" from the Iran Human Rights Working Group.
"Why China's No.1 With a Bullet, by John Schauble. (TheAge.Com October 3, 2000)

FOREIGN NATIONALS

"Death Row Debate: Is International Treaty Obeyed?" by Charles Feldman. (CNN/AP, December 28, 1998)
CNN/AP News article on the controversy surrounding the execution of non-U.S. citizens, who may have never been advised of their rights under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. International Court of Justice Judgment Against the United States. (June 27, 2001)
Press Release and Judgment of the International Court of Justice, holding the United States in violation of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, in the case of the execution of German Nationals, Karl and Walter LaGrand in Arizona. "World Court Criticises U.S. for Execution of Two Germans," by Anthony Deutsch. (Evansville Courier June 29, 2001)
News article on the decision by the World Court in The Hague, Netherlands, criticising the United States for its failure to abide by International Treaties in the execution of Karl and Walter LaGrand in Arizona. U.S. State Department Handbook for Law Enforcement on Consular Notification and Access. (January 1998)
U.S. State Department Instructions for Federal, State, and Local Law Enforcement and Other Officials Regarding Foreign Nationals in the United States and the Rights of Consular Officials To Assist Them. Death Penalty Information Center: Foreign Nationals
List of foreign nationals on Death Row, by name, state, nationality; List of foreign nationals executed in the U.S. since 1976; Summary of arguments against death penalty on grounds of failure to notify consulate pursuant to Vienna Convention on Consular Relations; News and Updates. (Information provided mainly by Mark Warren, Amnesty International) The Execution of Foreign Nationals. (Amnesty International USA)
List of states with foreign nationals on Death Row, by number and nationality; List of foreign nationals executed in the U.S. since 1993, by name, state, nationality, and date of execution; Short summary of arguments against death penalty on grounds of failure to notify consulate pursuant to Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. "Rights Denied: Europeans on Death Row in the U.S. (Amnesty International July 2000)
Amnesty International press release on the denial of rights to foreign nationals on death row. "In many of these cases, timely consular intervention could have meant the difference between life and death. The widespread - and ongoing - failure of US authorities to respect the rights of detained foreign nationals threatens to undermine the international rule of law." Appealing to Ethnic and Nationality Bias in Capital Trials. (5th Circuit Amicus Brief)
Amicus Brief filed in the 5th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals by the International Human Rights Clinic and the Southern Center for Human Rights, in the Texas death penalty case of Ricardo Aldape Guerra, on the issue of the Prosecution's repeated references to the defendant's Mexican origins. Appointment With Death: The Execution of Canadian Stanley Faulder in Texas (Edmonton Journal Extra)
Six part news report from the Edmonton Journal Extra on the upcoming Texas execution of Canadian foreign national Stanley Faulder. (December 8, 1998) Texas vs. Canada: The Case of Stanley Faulder. (Canadian Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)
Detailed pages from strong anti-death penalty site, seeking clemency for Canadian foreign national Stanley Faulder, with up-to-date news reports, calling for a Canadian boycott of Texas, and referring to Governor Bush as a "murderer" following the June 1999 execution, for denying clemency and daring to disagree with them. "Adding Insult to Injury - the Case of Joseph Stanley Faulder." (Amnesty International, November 1998)
Short Amnesty International report on the upcoming Texas execution of Canadian foreign national Stanley Faulder, alleging trial irregularities and denial of consular assistance. "Executioner's Non-Song (Joseph Stanley Faulder)," by Dan McGraw. (USNews Online December 21, 1998)
Short news article on the last minute stay from the U.S. Supreme Court granted to Texas Death Row prisoner Joseph Stanley Faulder. "Canada Says Pair Can't Face Death Penalty," by Michael Ko. (Seattle Times February 16, 2001)
News article noting Canada's threat to deny extradition on two murder suspects unless U.S. prosecutors guaratee not to pursue death penalty. "Execution Raises Legal Fears for Americans Abroad," by Chris Kline. (CNN, April 16, 1998)
CNN News article discussing the fears by Americans abroad of retaliation in response to the Virginia execution of a Paraguayan foreign national, Angel Francisco Breard. "Angel Francisco Breard: Facing Death in a Foreign Land." (Amnesty International, March 1998)
Amnesty International report on the upcoming execution of Paraguayan forign national, Angel Francisco Breard, in Virginia. Summary of case, appeals, and arguments relating to failure of notification.

FEDERAL AND U.S. MILITARY DEATH PENALTY

Federal Death Penalty. (DPIC)
Factsheet and history of the death penalty in the federal system, including summaries of recent changes. United States Military Death Penalty. (DPIC)
Facts, overview, and racial disparities in the United States Military Death Penalty. Federal Death Penalty History.
Brief history and status of the federal death penalty and death row from the Salt Lake Tribune. Bureau of Justice Statistics: Capital Punishment 1993-99.
Yearly publication of the U.S. Department of Justice with detailed statistics and history of the death penalty in the U.S.; Federal laws providing for the death penalty; Method of Execution in the federal system; Number of federal and military executions and inmates held on current federal death row. (Availability of report lags approximately one year behind.) "Federal Executions: Facts and Figures," by Robert Anthony Phillips. (APBNews December 7, 2000)
Hundreds put to death by Feds since 1790. Historical overview and short timeline of federal death penalty. Death Penalty Legislation Pending in Congress. (2001)
"Post-Conviction DNA Testing: When is Justice Served?" (United States Senate June 13, 2000)
Summary of proceedings before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee considering bills by Chairman Orin Hatch of Utah and Ranking Minority member Patrick Leahy of Vermont. Also includes full written statements of all witnesses appearing before the Committee. Capital Defense Network.
Online assistance for the federal capital defense lawyer, at trial, on appeal, or on habeas. Overview of federal death penalty statutes, brief bank, litigation guides, listing of legal research sites, summaries of death penalty opinions, upcoming training and seminars. Federal Death Penalty Cases: Recommendations on the Cost and Quality of Defense - U.S. Judicial Conference
Recommendations prepared by the Judicial Conference of the United States, Committee on Defender Services, Subcommittee on Federal Death Penalty Cases, concerning the cost and quality of defense representation in federal death penalty cases. (May 1998) The recommendations in this report were adopted by the Judicial Conference of the United States on September 15, 1998. Federal Death Row Information.
United States Code death penalty provisions; Listing of federal prisoners executed since 1928; News articles on federal death row; Construction and management of Special Confinement Unit at Terre Haute Federal Penetentiary; Prison execution protocol and agreements with media and execution witnesses; Listing of federal death row inmates, with self-written profiles and contact information. Executions of Federal Prisoners Since 1927. (Federal Bureau of Prisons)
Complete list of prisoners executed by the federal government 1927-2001; Date, place and method of execution, Race, Offense, and Age of inmate. Lethal Injection: Federal.
Brief summary of federal lethal injection procedures and the death chamber at Terre Haute, Indiana, with illustrations and a Real Video description, from the Salt Lake Tribune. Lethal Injection: Federal Bureau of Prisons Execution Protocol. (April 6, 2001)
Copy of the official Execution Protocol Manual issued by the BOP, from The Smoking Gun. Special Confinement Unit Opens at USP Terre Haute. (Bureau of Prisons Press Release, July 13, 1999)
Brief Press Release from the Federal Bureau of Prisons on the opening of the Special Unit at Terre Haute, Indiana, to "provide humane, safe, and secure confinement of male offenders who have been sentenced to death by the Federal courts. Real Player Video of Terre Haute Federal Prison and Execution Chamber. (Evansville Courier & Press) (2001)
Video of outside and inside Terre Haute Federal Prison and Execution Chamber. Photo of Federal Execution Chamber.
Photo of Lethal Injection Execution Room and Gurney in the federal penetentiary at Terre Haute, Indiana, with short commentary provided by "The Comedy of Michael Chaney." Federal Prison Bans In-Person Interviews With Death Row Inmates. (AP April 26, 2001)
Article on new regulations at the Federal Prison in Terre Haute, banning in-person interviews with death row inmates and severely restricting telephone interviews. Inmate Paul Hammer filed a suit in response alleging a violation of his First Amendment rights. From the Freedom Forum. U.S. Death Penalty - United States Code.
United States Code sections dealing with the federal death penalty by the Tarlton Law Library at the University of Texas. "Racial Disparity on Federal Death Row," by William D. Matthewman. (NACDL, June 1996)
Opinion page from The Champion, a publication of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. Department of Justice Survey of the Federal Death Penalty System, 1988-2000. (September 12, 2000)
Survey/Study from the U.S. Department of Justice, showing the procedure and status of all federal death penalty cases and all federal death row inmates, concentrating on the DOJ screening process and apparent racial and ethnic disparities. "The Federal Death Penalty System: Supplementary Data." (Department of Justice June 6, 2001)
Supplementary Data, Analysis and Revised Protocols for Capital Case Review - At the Direction of the Attorney General, supplementing the results of the initial report/survey published in September 2000. This new data rebuts and explains the conclusion of racial bias found in the previous report. The information gathered by the Department indicates that the cause of a disproportionate number of minorities charged and sentenced to death is not racial or ethnic bias, but the overrepresentation of minorities in the pool of potential federal capital cases, particulatly drug trafficking murders. "Complex Appeals Process Delays Federal Executions - McVeigh," by Terry Frieden. (CNN, 1997)
CNN news article discussing the process of requesting the death penalty and executions in the federal system, noting the long delays since the last execution 34 years ago. "The Death Squad: Who Decides Who Should Die?" by Sam Skolnik. (Legal Times, June 7, 1999)
Reposted news article discussing the internal decision-making process of the U.S. Department of Justice, deciding in which cases a request for a death sentence should be filed. "Federal Death Sentences Show Race Gap," by Mike Dorning. (Chicago Tribune July 24, 2000)
News article based upon a recently released study claiming a racial bias against blacks by the U.S. Justice Department in charging and plea bargaining federal death penalty cases. "More Whites Than Blacks Evade Death Penalty," by Amy Worder. (APBNews July 24, 2000)
New Study Finds Disparity in Plea Bargain Process - News article based upon a recently released study claiming a racial bias against blacks by the U.S. Justice department in charging and plea bargaining federal death penalty cases. "Study: Federal Death Sentences Show Racial Gap." (ABCNews.Com/AP July 24, 2000)
Short ABC news article claiming a racial bias in charging and plea bargaining federal death sentences by the U.S. Justice Department. "Halls of Justice: Who's Actually on Death Row?" by Beverley Lumpkin. (Washington Post July 14, 2000)
Short news article on the current federal death row at U.S. Penetentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana. "The McVeigh Effect: Eclipsing the Truth About Federal Death Row," by Earl Ofari Hutchinson. (Salon.Com May 9, 2001)
Short article noting that the media blitz over McVeigh has obscured the fact that most on Federal Death Row are black and Latino. "The Real Face of (Federal) Death Row," by Jim Oliphant. (Legal Times June 18, 2001)
Short article emphasizing that McVeigh is the exception, not the rule, on federal death row. Most are victims of racial and geographic bias, which is being used by lawyers for Raul Graza as a basis for an application for clemency. "First Federal Execution in 37 Years Set for Nov. 15," by Terry Frieden. (CNN September 22, 2000)
Short news article on the upcoming execution date for convicted murderer David Paul Hammer, who has repeatedly asked to be executed, and will be the first in the federal system since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976. "Reno Says She Finds No Basis for Moratorium on Federal Death Penalty," by Terry Frieden. (CNN September 12, 2000)
Short news article on comments by Attorney General Janet Reno after calls for a moratorium on the federal death penalty and recent studies purporting to show bias an inequity. "Janet Reno's Fatal Decision on David Ronald Chandler." by Alan Berlow. (Salon.Com December 22, 2000)
The attorney general must soon decide whether to try to save a possibly innocent man from the electric chair -- or leave the case for an incoming administration unlikely to do so. Does Attorney General Janet Reno really want to allow David Ronald Chandler to become the first person executed under federal law since 1963? "Death Sentence Under Federal Law Upheld." (USA Today/AP, June 21, 1999)
Short article discussing the U.S. Supreme Court Opinion affirming the 1995 death sentence of Louis Jones in Texas, the first federal prisoner sentenced to death under the new 1994 death penalty law. "Death in Lewis County." (About.Com July 20, 1999)
Short article on the filing of a federal death penalty case in West Virginia, a state that abolished the death penalty in 1965 and has not executed anyone since 1959. "Military Executions: A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources." (November 1994)
Continental Army, Civil War, 20th Century, WWII European Theater. "Dirty Details: Executing U.S. Soldiers During WW II," by J. Robert Lilly, Northern Kentucky University. (November 28, 1995)
Scholarly paper examining the execution of U.S. soldiers during World War II. It describes the crimes, defendants and victims for 18 military executions that took place in England, 1943-1945. "Executing U.S. Soldiers in England, WWII: The Power of Command Influence and Sexual Racism," by J. Robert Lilly. (1995)
Scholarly paper examining the execution of U.S. soldiers in England during World War II. It describes the purpose of the executions was to control a perceived danger: the socializing of African American troops with British females, and the possible explosive violence between caucasian and African American troops. "The Nizkor Project."
Many volumes of documents, trial transcripts, and summaries relating to the International Military Tribunal trial of Nazi War Criminals at Nuremberg. "Nazi War Criminals in Britian."
Special Report, including several articles, written by the staff of the Guardian Unlimited, the UK's most popular newspaper website. "Politics Becomes Player in the (Federal) Death Penalty Debate," by Naftali Bendavid. (Chicago Tribune July 8, 2000)

"Clinton Won't Follow Illinois on Execution Moratorium," by Naftali Bendavid(Chicago Tribune February 17, 2000)
"Federal Prisoner Garza Seeks Bush Commutation," by Karen Gullo (APBNews May 21, 2001)
"Garza Put To Death." (AP/MSNBC June 19, 2001)

RECENT HEADLINES

Anti-Death Penalty Conference: "Committing to Conscience," November 16-19, 2000 San Francisco.
Death Penalty on Trial. (CourtTV Online)
Death Penalty Legislation Pending in Congress. (2001)
Links to legislation now pending in Congress relating to the death penalty, including: Criminal Justice Integrity and Innocence Protection Act, National Death Penalty Moratorium Act, Federal Death Penalty Abolition Act, Innocence Protection Act, Accuracy in Judicial Administration Act. "Open Access to Death Row," by David Westin. (Washington Post May 21, 2001)
"Executions Top the News, But for How Long?" by Karen Samples. (Cincinnati Enquirer, July 1, 1997)
Current Death Penalty News from the Jurist Legal Education Network. (University of Pittsburgh).
Current Death Penalty News Items from the New York State Defenders Association.
100+ Death Penalty News Stories and Features in 2000/2001 from the Washington Post.
Yahoo Full Coverage News: The Death Penalty. (News Stories, Magazine Articles, Links)

MISCELLANEOUS

"U.S. Prison Population Hits All-Time High," by Hans H. Chen. (APBNews April 19, 2000)
"Transplanted Englishman Makes Career of Fighting Executions in South," by Rhonda Schafner. (APBNews June 25, 2000)
Is it Ethical to Deny Life-Support Treatments to Death Row Inmates? (Bioethics Discussion Pages)
"States Conveniently Change Execution Times." (APBNews/AP March 7, 2000)
"Executioners, Deathrow Guards Empathize With Prisoners," by Janet McConnaughey. (AP/Nando Times May 6, 2001)
"King of Death Row: Jim Willett, Texas Executioner," by Martin Fletcher. (London Times May 23, 2001)
"The Jailhouse Informant," by Mills and Armstrong." (Chicago Tribune November 16, 1999)
Impeach Judge Nixon Headquarters.
Abolitionwear T-Shirts, Caps, Bumper Stickers from Citizens United for Alternatives to the Death Penalty.
Pro-Death Penalty T-shirts from DPINFO.Com.

PRO-DEATH PENALTY LINKS

BEST OF THE REST (ANTI-DEATH PENALTY)

GENERAL REFERENCE, DIRECTORIES, AND LINKS

PRO & CON: ARTICLES, ESSAYS, AND ARGUMENT

VOICES OF CELEBRITIES & ENTERTAINERS

HISTORY OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

LIEBMAN / COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY STUDY

EXECUTION AND DEATH ROW STATISTICS

LEGAL RESEARCH / CAPITAL DEFENSE

LEGAL ISSUES

PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS

PARDON, COMMUTATION, CLEMENCY

RELIGION AND THE CHURCH

PUBLIC OPINION

WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS

DNA

MORATORIUM

BOTCHED EXECUTIONS

METHODS OF EXECUTION

WITNESSES TO THE EXECUTION

EXECUTION OF THE MENTALLY ILL

POLITICS AND THE DEATH PENALTY

BUSH AND GORE ON THE DEATH PENALTY

COST (DEATH PENALTY VS. LIFE IMPRISONMENT)

LIFE WITHOUT PAROLE

JUVENILES AND THE DEATH PENALTY

RACE AND CLASS BIAS

WOMEN AND THE DEATH PENALTY

DETERRENCE AND INCAPACITATION

AFTER RELEASE FROM DEATH ROW

VICTIM'S FAMILIES

DEATH ROW INMATE HOMEPAGES / MEMORIALS

TIMOTHY MCVEIGH / OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING

GARY GRAHAM A/K/A SHAKA SANKOFA

KARLA FAYE TUCKER

MUMIA ABU-JAMAL

DEAD MAN WALKING / SISTER HELEN PREJEAN

EXECUTION BY CONSENT / WAIVER OF APPEALS

FAMOUS / HISTORICAL DEATH PENALTY TRIALS

NOTORIOUS MURDERERS, SERIAL KILLERS

DEATH PENALTY HUMOR & CURIOSITY

BENETTON DEATH ROW ADS

PHOTOS, DRAWINGS, MUSIC, MOVIES, AND ART

INDIANA DEATH PENALTY SITES

OTHER STATES / REGIONAL SITES

INTERNATIONAL

FOREIGN NATIONALS

FEDERAL AND U.S. MILITARY DEATH PENALTY

RECENT HEADLINES

MISCELLANEOUS